核桃青皮提取物对小麦蚜虫的毒杀和拒食活性研究

目的]研究核桃青皮提取物对小麦蚜的毒杀和拒食活性。方法]采用5种极性不同的溶剂利用超声波提取法从核桃青皮中制备提取物,测定其对小麦蚜的毒杀和拒食活性。结果]核桃青皮乙醇、丙酮、乙酸乙酯3种溶剂提取物对小麦蚜虫具有较高的毒杀和拒食活性,浓度为100mg/ml时,处理24h后,3种溶剂提取物对小麦蚜虫的毒杀和拒食活性分别在84.35%和66.98%以上,48h后,其毒杀活性和拒食活性分别在85.91%和79.34%以上。5种提取物中乙醇提取物对小麦蚜虫的毒杀活性和拒食活性最高,处理24h后校正死亡率为93.64%,拒食率为83.61%;处理48h后校正死亡率为94.95%,拒食率为92.21%。石油醚提取物对小麦蚜虫的毒杀和拒食活性最小,处理24h后校正死亡率和拒食率分别为19.54%和34.65%;48h后校正死亡率和拒食率分别为20.13%和39.03%。结论]核桃青皮极性大的溶剂提取物对小麦蚜虫具有较好的毒杀作用和较高的拒食活性。

Study on the Bioactivity Toxicity and Anti-feedant of Extracts from Walnut Peel against Wheat Aphid

Objective]The research aimed to study the toxicity and anti-feeding activity of walnut peel extract on wheat aphid.Method] Using ultrasonic extraction,5 kinds of different polarity solvents were used to prepare the extracts from walnut peel.The toxicity and anti-feeding activity on wheat aphid were determined.Result]Walnut peel extracts with ethanol,acetone,ethyl acetate had higher poisoning and anti-feeding civilities on wheat aphid.When the concentration was 100 mg/ml,after 24 h,the poisoning and anti-feeding activities of three kinds of extracts on wheat aphid were 84.35% and 66.98% above respectively.After 48 h the poisoning and anti-feeding activities were 85.91% and 79.34% above respectively.Among 5 kinds of extracts,ethanol extracts had the highest toxicity and anti-feeding activity on wheat aphid.After 24 h,the corrected mortality was 93.64% and the anti-feeding rate was 83.61%.After 48 h,the corrected mortality was 94.95% and anti-feeding rate was 92.21%.Petroleum ether extract had the smallest poisoning and anti-feeding activities on wheat aphid.After 24 h,the corrected mortality and anti-feeding rate were 19.54% and 34.65% respectively.After 48 h,the corrected mortality and anti-feeding rate were 20.13% and 39.03% respectively.Conclusion] The extracts from walnut peel by using solvent with larger polarity had better toxicity and higher anti-feeding activity on wheat aphid.