Characterization and bioactivities of young rice protein hydrolysates

Immature rice was reported to contain higher quantities of bioactive compounds than mature rice. Young rice protein is easy to digest and has hypoallergenic potential, with protein content of 7.2–11.5% compared to rice bran at 9.8%. Few studies have reported on bioactivities and characterization of young rice proteins and their hydrolysates. Bioactivities of native protein and protein hydrolysates of two rice varieties (white rice and colored rice) were characterized and investigated for four development stages (flowery, milky, dough, and mature). Degree of hydrolysis of young rice protein was considerably higher than at the mature stage. Highest DPPH and iron chelating activity were found in alcalase® protein hydrolysate during the flowery-to-milky stage. Iron chelating activity was constant in all development stages because of the low polar amino acid content in rice. The ACE activity of alcalase® protein hydrolysate was higher than native protein at the same development stage, as observed in the milky and dough stages. Inhibitory activity of young rice hydrolysate HepG2 cells was concentration-dependent and not correlated with protein molecular size.     

Resources and bioactive substances from Taiwania (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Taiwania cryptomerioides</Emphasis>)

 Taiwania (Taiwania cryptomerioides Hayata), native to Taiwan, is one of the most economically important tree species grown there. In this article we summarize the current results of phytochemistry and bioactivity of Taiwania extracts, including antifungal, antitermite, antibacterial, and antimite activities as well as cytotoxicity against three tumor cells. The resources of Taiwania are also addressed. Received: January 23, 2002 / Accepted: March 8, 2002 Acknowledgment The authors thank the National Science Council of R.O.C. for financial support (NSC-90-2313-B-002-344). Correspondence to:S.-T. Chang     

大豆疫霉根腐病菌毒素的提取及生物活性测定

对大豆疫霉根腐病原菌的主要致病因子之一—毒素的提取方法进行了探讨，并用抗感不同大豆品种的切根苗进行了毒素生物活性及最佳浓度的测定、筛选。结果表明：毒素的提取采取弱极性的有机溶剂萃取的方法比较理想，尤其是用乙醚萃取；用稀释100×浓度的毒素处理抗感不同的大豆品种的切根苗可以产生与病原菌下胚轴接种法相同的症状，同时也证明该毒素是一种非寄主专化性毒素。     

植物低聚糖提取和生物活性鉴定

应用酶解法从小麦细胞壁中提取出低聚糖。经过活性鉴定,具有诱导大豆和小麦抗毒素产生,特别是从小麦代谢、细胞、植株等水平上改善该作物体内防御功能等生物作用。水解酶的种类、纯度、酶活值与所降解低聚糖的活性程度密切相关;高纯度、高酶活单位的水解酶提取的低聚糖,具有较强的生物功能。对来源不同的低聚糖进行了活性差异的比较,同时还讨论了其它因素——诸如小麦细胞的生理状态,低聚糖保存条件等对低聚糖活性的影响。     

大豆灰斑病菌毒素生物活性分析

 大豆灰斑病菌[Cercosporium sojina(Hara) Liu&Guo]可以产生有毒代谢物。滤液透析及热稳定性测试结果表明:该毒素可以穿过半透膜,为较小分子化合物并具有很强的热稳定性。该菌培养物浸提液经浓缩,硅胶柱层析可得粗毒素。生物测定结果表明:该毒素对大豆幼苗及叶片具有致萎作用。针刺叶片可产生类似真菌感染的病斑。浸渍处理后,可使叶组织失绿、萎蔫最后坏死,同时毒素对抗性不同的品种有鉴别作用。     

内蒙古根河14种野生大型经济真菌生物活性测定

对内蒙古根河市14种野生大型经济真菌的抗菌活性及凝集素、蛋白酶、磷酸酶等生物活性进行了测定。结果表明在被测的14个样品中,具有蛋白酶活性的有4种、具有凝集素活性的有7种、具有抗植物病原真菌活性的有3种,开发和利用这些野生大型经济真菌将取得巨大的经济效益和社会效益。     

白头翁生物活性研究现状及展望

白头翁的活性成分主要是皂苷类。许多研究发现,白头翁在医疗方面具有抗肿瘤活性及抗肝损伤,抗生育,抗炎抑菌,治疗慢性结肠炎和溃疡性结肠炎等作用;在兽医临床上可用于治疗多种牛、羊疾病;在农业上,白头翁对小麦赤霉病菌和水稻白叶枯病菌等均表现出很好的抑制活性,并具有杀虫活性。本文通过对白头翁生物活性研究结果的评述和分析,为其进一步开发应用研究提供理论依据。     

植物多糖的生物活性研究进展

对植物多糖的生物活性进行了阐述。植物源的多糖类化合物具有免疫调节、抗肿瘤活性、防治动脉粥样硬化作用以及抗病毒、抗氧化和防衰老等作用,其独特的生物活性在临床应用中具有极大的潜力。     

紫茉莉茎提取物及其萃取物对菜粉蝶幼虫的生物活性

用饲喂法、叶片夹毒法、叶磲法测定了紫茉莉茎的3种极性溶剂(石油醚、氯仿和乙醇)提取物及萃取物对菜粉蝶幼虫的毒杀活性、胃毒作用、非选择性拒食活性.结果表明,紫茉莉茎氯仿提取物的毒杀与拒食效果最好,处理第5天后的校正死亡率为89.20%.取食第3天与第5天的拒食率分别为96.80%与99.67%;也测定了紫茉莉茎氯仿提取物(简称MSCE)各萃取物(正己烷、氟仿和水萃取物)对4龄菜粉蝶幼虫的生物活性.结果表明,MSCE的正己烷萃取物第5天与第7天的毒杀效果最好,其校正死亡率分别为79.80%与78.90%;其对4龄菜粉蝶幼虫的胃毒作用明显的强于其他各萃取物.     

重金属污染对土壤微生物种群数量及活性的影响

通过综述重金属污染对土壤微生物种群数量及其生物活性方面的影响,指出土壤重金属污染会破坏微生物种群,降低微生物活性,抑制微生物生长,进而影响土壤质量。在此基础上,讨论了微生物活动又是评价土壤环境质量的敏感性指标。