鸡马立克氏病的免疫形态学研究

为了比较马立克氏病(MD)弱毒苗814鸡胚免疫与雏鸡免疫的免疫保护力。检查其鸡胚免疫的安全性,探索MD的免疫性质和免疫发生规律。本实验应用组织学和组织化学的方法,分别对18只龄鸡胚免疫鸡。1日龄雏鸡免疫鸡和非免疫对照鸡不同时期MD强毒攻击后的病理变化进行了检查。并对各组未攻毒鸡的胸腺、法氏囊、脾脏、盲肠扁桃体、肺脏和肝脏进行了动态观察。对各组淋巴器官的T、B淋巴细胞和巨噬细胞进行了统计比较,实验结果表明:MD弱毒苗814鸡胚免疫与雏鸡免疫比较,能促进免疫器官的早期发育,提前获得免疫保护力,MD弱毒苗814鸡胚免疫不引起MD病变,是安全的:MD免疫以T淋巴细胞为主,同时B淋巴细胞和巨噬细胞积极参与。

STUDIES ON IMMUNOLOGIC MORPHOLOGY OF MAREK'S DISEASES

To compare immunologic resistance of chickens vaccinated against MD as embryos and at hatch, and explore the nature of immunity and immunogenesis, pathologic changes of chicken vaccinated with vaccine 814 at embryonation of 18-days or hatch then challenged by strain BM-1 virulent MD virus (MDV) at the age of 1.3.7.21 and 73 days were studied histologically. In addition, a succesive observation on the thymus . bursa of Fabricius, spleen, canecum tonsil, lung and liver of immunized-unchallenged chickens was made with the methods of histology and histochemistry. The growth-decline law of T and Blymphocytes and macrophages in the examined organs are described in detail. The results showed: (1) Chickens embryonally vaccinated with vaccine 814 acquired immunologic protection earlier than at hatch. (2) Efficacy of embryo vaccination with vaccine 814 was not influenced by maternal antibody to turkey herpes virus(HVT), and the vaccine promoted the ontogeny of lymphoid organs. Injection of vaccine 814 into embryos of 18-days or hatch chickens did not cause detectable gross or microcopic lesions of MD. (3) Immunity of MD is primarily cell mediated immunity, however, humoral immunity and macrophages are also actively involved.