水土流失机理与模型研究进展

水土流失的本质是引起土壤理化性质变坏、肥力下降和土地利用率降低。它不仅造成土地资源破坏、土壤严重退化、水旱灾害频繁、生态环境恶化和失衡，而且直接威胁着人类的生存与发展。分别就土壤侵蚀机理与模型、土壤养分流失机理与模型及径流流失机理与模型等三个方面作了简单回顾与概述。一方面是对国内外的水土流失研究背景和进展状况有个大概了解，另一方面也更有助于今后水土流失研究工作的开展，为进一步制定水土保持方案和指导水土保持措施配置提供有力依据。

Review of the Mechanism and Model of Soil and Water Loss

The hypostasis of soil and water loss is to beget the worsening of physical and chemical characters of soil ,the decline of soil fertility and the reducing of soil using rate. It not only brings about destroying of soil resources, serious degradation of soil , frequent disasters of flood and drought, and deterioration and unbalance of ecological environment, but directly threatens survival and development of human beings. The progresses in research on the mechanism and model of soil erosion ,soil nutrient loss and runoff are reviewed briefly in this paper, including the research background and actuality of soil and water loss. All this may contribute to the study of soil and water loss in the future, the establishment of projects of soil and water conservation ,and the configuration of measures for soil and water conservation.