施氮对毛竹笋营养成分的影响

  目的  探讨氮沉降对毛竹Phyllostachys edulis笋品质的影响，为竹笋品质改善和人体保健提供理论依据。  方法  通过人工喷氮模拟氮沉降方法，研究了3种不同水平的氮沉降0 kg·hm?2·a?1(对照)、30 kg·hm?2·a?1(低氮，N₃₀)和60 kg·hm?2·a?1(高氮，N₆₀)]对毛竹笋不同氨基酸、营养成分(维生素C、粗纤维、粗蛋白质、可溶性糖)和矿质元素质量分数的影响。  结果  氮沉降对毛竹笋营养品质和矿质元素影响显著，氮沉降显著增加了总氨基酸、必需氨基酸和甜味氨基酸的质量分数(P＜0.05)，高氮沉降显著提高了鲜味、苦味和芳香类氨基酸的质量分数(P＜0.05)，而低氮沉降则相反；同时，氮沉降显著提高了毛竹笋中甜味氨基酸比例(P＜0.05)，显著降低了必需、鲜味、苦味和芳香类氨基酸比例(P＜0.05)；氮沉降显著降低了毛竹笋中维生素C质量分数(P＜0.05)，但却提高了粗纤维质量分数，对粗蛋白质和可溶性糖质量分数影响不显著；氮沉降显著提高了硒、铁和钠(P＜0.05)质量分数，显著降低了铜(P＜0.05)质量分数，低氮沉降显著增加了锰、钙和镁(P＜0.05)质量分数，而高氮沉降则相反。  结论  适度的氮沉降对毛竹笋营养成分有一定的提升作用，有利于竹笋品质的改善和人体保健。图2表2参41

Effects of nitrogen application on nutritional components of Phyllostachys edulis shoot

  Objective  This paper aims to explore the effects of N deposition on Phyllostachys edulis shoots and provide theoretical basis for improving bamboo shoot quality and human health.   Method  A field experiment was conducted in a subtropical Ph. edulis plantation and the effects of three different levels of simulated N deposition (control: 0 kg·hm?2·a?1, N₃₀: 30 kg·hm?2·a?1, and N₆₀: 60 kg·hm?2·a?1) on the contents of amino acids, nutrients (vitamin C, crude fiber, crude protein, and soluble sugar) and mineral elements in Ph. edulis shoots were studied.   Result  N deposition significantly affected the nutrient quality and mineral elements of Ph. edulis shoots. Nitrogen deposition significantly increased the contents of total amino acids, essential amino acids, and sweet amino acids (P＜0.05). High N deposition (N₆₀) significantly increased the contents of umami amino acids, bitter amino acids, and aromatic amino acids (P＜0.05), while low nitrogen deposition (N₃₀) had the opposite effect. Nitrogen deposition significantly increased the proportion of sweet amino acids (P＜0.05), but significantly decreased the proportion of essential amino acids, umami amino acids, bitter amino acids, and aromatic amino acids (P＜0.05), and significantly reduced vitamin C content(P＜0.05) but increased crude fiber content, and had no significant effect on the content of crude protein and soluble sugar. Nitrogen deposition significantly increased the contents of Se, Fe and Na but significantly decreased the content of Cu (P＜0.05). Low N deposition (N₃₀) significantly increased Mn, Ca and Mg contents, while the N₆₀ treatment was the opposite(P＜0.05).  Conclusion  Moderate N deposition has a certain promotion effect on nutritional components of Ph. edulis shoots, which is conducive to the improvement of bamboo shoot quality and human health. Ch, 2 fig. 2 tab. 41 ref.]