光合菌剂对弱光照生态区小麦光合特性和产量的影响

为了探究光合菌剂在不同施用方式下对弱光照生态区小麦生长的影响，以四川主栽小麦品种川麦104为材料，采用大田试验，研究了两种光合菌剂（类球红细菌和沼泽红假单胞菌）灌根和喷施、磷酸二氢钾喷施和等量清水喷施处理（对照）对小麦叶片气体交换参数、干物质量和产量性状的影响。结果表明，两种光合菌剂喷施均显著提高小麦旗叶大小和气体交换参数，而灌根处理显著提高小麦植株干物质量。叶面喷施沼泽红假单胞菌，小麦旗叶长、宽和面积最大，较磷酸二氢钾处理分别提高6.9%、2.7%和9.8%；孕穗期和开花期旗叶的各气体交换参数最高，且孕穗期旗叶气孔导度较磷酸二氢钾处理增加14.4%，差异显著；小麦产量也最高，较对照处理增加12.7%，差异显著，与喷施磷酸二氢钾的小麦产量和产量构成间没有显著差异。相关性分析表明，穗数与干物质量呈显著正相关，穗粒数与旗叶的大小和气体交换参数呈显著或极显著正相关，产量与旗叶宽、面积和净光合速率呈显著正相关。以上结果表明，叶面喷施或灌根光合菌剂能有效促进小麦生长，改善叶片光合特性，从而提高小麦产量。

Effect of Photosynthetic Bacteria on Photosynthetic Characteristicsand Yield of Wheat in Ecological Area with Low-Light

To explore the effects of photosynthetic bacteria on the growth of wheat in ecological area with low-light under different application methods,the main cultivar Chuanmai 104 in Sichuan Province was used as the test material. Based on the field experiments,we studied the effects foliar spraying or root irrigation with two photosynthetic bacteria(Rhodobacters phaeroides and Rhodopseudomonas palustris),foliar spraying of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and equal amount of water(control) on the photosynthetic gas exchange parameters,dry matter and yield characteristics of wheat. The results showed that the size and photosynthetic gas exchange parameters of flag leaf were significantly increased after foliar spraying photosynthetic bacteria.The dry matter of wheat plants was increased significantly after root irrigation with photosynthetic bacteria. Under the foliar spraying of the R.palustris,the length,width and area of flag leaves of wheat were the largest,which were increased by 6.9%,2.7% and 9.8% compared with potassium dihydrogen phosphate treatment,respectively. The gas exchange parameters of flag leaves at booting and flowering stages and wheat yield were also the highest. The stomatal conductance of flag leaves at booting stage was significantly increased by 14.4% compared with that under potassium dihydrogen phosphate treatment. The wheat yield was significantly increased by 12.7% compared with the control treatment,however,there was no significant differences in the wheat yield and yield components between foliar spraying of the R.palustris and potassium dihydrogen phosphate treatments. Correlation analysis showed that the number of spikes was significantly positively correlated with dry matter,and the number of grains per spike was significantly positively correlated with the size and gas exchange parameters of flag leaves,and the yield was significantly positively correlated with flag leaf width and area net photosynthetic rate. The above results showed that foliar spraying or root irrigation of photosynthetic bacteria not only effectively promoted wheat growth and improved leaf photosynthetic characteristics,but also increased the wheat yield and reduced fertilizer input.