雷州黑鸭滩涂生活习性观察

【目的】调查雷州黑鸭的滩涂生活习性,为建立科学的滩涂放养管理制度提供参考依据。【方法】以广东省雷州半岛调风镇卜昌村5500羽滩涂放养的雷州黑鸭为观察对象,连续跟踪调查其滩涂放养的饲养模式和独特的滩涂适应能力。【结果】雷州黑鸭在滩涂放养主要觅食鱼虾贝类等天然动物性饲料,采食饮水行为稳定有规律,拥有独特的滩涂适应能力和较强的防备意识、避害能力。雷州黑鸭喜欢嬉水,每天梳理羽毛15~20次,每次5~10 min;其繁殖行为有规律,交配时间集中在7:00~11:00和15:30~18:30;产蛋时间主要在凌晨1:00~4:00,且有共同的产蛋窝;产蛋率易受台风等应激条件影响。【结论】雷州黑鸭的觅食、饮水、避害、羽毛护理、繁殖等行为已具有独特的滩涂适应能力,在生产管理中可根据其生活习性和行为特征建立科学的滩涂放养管理制度,扩大滩涂饲养规模,提高雷州黑鸭的养殖效益。

Observation on behavioral characteristics of Leizhou black duck on tidal flats

Objective]The living behaviors of Leizhou black ducks on tidal flats were investigated to provide references for establishing scientific management system for tidal flat breeding. Method]In Tiaofeng Town of Leizhou City, 5500 Leizhou black ducks were continuously observed to study their tidal flat breeding mode and particular abilities to adapt to the tidal flats.Result]The results showed that Leizhou black ducks mainly hunted natural animal such as fishes, shrimps, shellfishes and crabs on tidal flats. They led a regular life of eating and drinking. They possessed strong defense sense, avoidance skills and special adaptability to the beach. Leizhou black ducks were fond of dabbling. They teased feather for 15-20 times every day with 5-10 min each time. Meanwhile, their reproductive behaviors were regular as they mated at 7:00-11:00 a.m. and 15:30-18:30 p.m. They laid at 1:00-4:00 at midnight in a shared nest. However, their laying rates were easily affected by stress condi-tions like typhoon. Conclusion]Foraging, drinking, risk-avoiding, feather nursing, breeding behaviors of Leizhou black ducks were particularly adaptive to tidal flats. It is necessary to establish scientific tidal flat breeding management system based on their living behaviors and environment so that tidal flat breeding scale can be expanded and the economic value of Leizhou black ducks can be improved.