生态条件和施磷量对四川不同筋力型小麦籽粒产量与蛋白质品质的影响

为探索四川小麦主产区中强筋小麦产量与品质协同的技术途径，以四川省育成的6个代表性小麦品种（中强筋：蜀麦482、玉脉1号、蜀麦969；中筋：内麦9号，川麦55、绵麦37）为材料，于2013-2014年在眉山市仁寿县（川中丘陵麦区）和成都市温江区（川西平原麦区）2个生态点，研究了不同施磷量（0、75、150 kg P₂O₅·hm^-2）对小麦籽粒产量及蛋白质品质的影响。结果表明，生态点、施磷量、基因型显著影响籽粒产量、蛋白质含量和湿面筋含量，其中，小麦籽粒产量、穗数、蛋白质含量、沉淀值和湿面筋含量受生态条件的影响最大，面筋指数受基因型的影响最大。仁寿点的穗数及产量均显著低于温江点，但蛋白质含量、沉淀值及湿面筋含量显著高于温江点。仁寿点整体适合中强筋小麦生产，其中，蜀麦482蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、沉淀值达到强筋小麦标准，玉脉1号达到中筋小麦标准。温江点除玉脉1号沉淀值、湿面筋含量偏高外，其余品种均属于弱筋小麦范畴。增磷可提高丘陵旱地小麦产量，显著提高蛋白质含量，促进川中丘陵旱地小麦的优质高产。研究认为，川西平原地区适宜于发展弱筋小麦生产，川中丘陵适宜发展中强筋小麦生产，适宜的品种为蜀麦482、玉脉1号，配合施用75 kg P₂O₅·hm^-2可促进丘陵旱地小麦产量与品质的协同。

Effect of Phosphorus Application and Location on Grain Yield and Protein Quality of Different Gluten Type Wheat in Sichuan Province

To evaluate the synergy between yield and quality of strong or medium gluten wheat in Sichuan area, six wheat cultivars(strong gluten wheat:Shumai 482, Yumai 1 and Shumai 969;medium gluten wheat:Neimai 9,Chuanmai 55 and Mianmai 37) were adopted to study the effect of phosphorus application rates(0, 75 and 150 kg P₂O₅·hm^-2) on wheat yield and protein quality at two locations in Sichuan Province(Renshou:central hilly region of Sichuan; Wenjiang:western plain of Sichuan) in 2013-2014 growing season. The results showed that the ecological conditions, phosphorus application and genotype significantly affected grain yield, protein content and gluten quality. Phosphorus had significant influence on yield of wheat, and the ecological location had the significant influence on protein content and sedimentation value, and the genotype had significant influence on wet gluten content and gluten indices. Comparison between two locations, yield and spike number in Renshou were significantly lower than those of Wenjiang, but the protein content, sedimentation value and gluten content were higher than those of Wenjiang. Renshou is suitable for the production of moderately strong gluten wheat. The protein content, wet gluten content and sedimentation value of Shumai 482 reached the standard of strong gluten wheat, and those of Yumai 1 reached the standard of medium gluten wheat, except for the sedimentation value and wet gluten content of Yumai 1 in Wenjiang, and those of other varieties reached the standard of weak gluten wheat. Phosphorus application significantly increased the yield and protein content of wheat in hilly area, which solved the problem of wheat protein content lower than standard, and promoted high quality and high yield synergies of wheat in central hilly region of Sichuan. The results indicated that western plain of Sichuan is favorable for the weak gluten wheat,and central hilly region of Sichuan is suitable for the strong gluten wheat, and the suitable varieties were Shumai 482 and Yumai 1.The application amount of 75 kg P₂O₅·hm^-2 could promote the synergy between yield and quality for the central hilly region of Sichuan.