适宜加工用苹果品种TP-M13-SSR 指纹图谱构建及遗传关系分析

 采用TP-M13-SSR 荧光标记方法，构建19 个适宜加工脆片和25 个适宜制汁的苹果品种在 11 个SSR 位点的指纹图谱，并通过聚类分析研究其遗传关系。仅利用两对引物CH04h02 和CH05d04 即 可区分44 个供试品种，各品种的TP-M13-SSR 指纹图谱互不相同。构建的适宜加工苹果品种的SSR 指纹 图谱可以作为品种特异指纹图谱为品种鉴别提供重要依据。44 个苹果品种的相似系数在0.7259 ~ 0.9704 之间，在相似系数0.798 处划分供试品种，除瑞光、马空、红月、蜜脆、珍宝、赤阳和短枝金冠，其余适 宜制汁的品种均聚到了一起，而适宜加工脆片的品种聚类比较分散。适宜加工苹果品种遗传基础广泛， 适宜加工特性与亲本相关。在制订和完善制汁用和加工脆片用苹果品质评价体系时，需要兼顾遗传关系 与加工特性的相关性。金冠、红玉、国光、富士和元帅等为较好的加工苹果品种的育种亲本，应加强育 种利用。

Establishment of TP-M13-SSR Fingerprints and Analysis of Genetic Relationship for Processing Apple Cultivars

The fluorescent labeling of simple sequence repeat with tailed primer M13 was used to establish fingerprints of 19 apple cultivars suitable for chips and 25 apple cultivars suitable for juice，and the genetic relationship was discussed by cluster analysis. CH04h02 and CH05d04 can distinguish all of the processing apple cultivars. The SSR fingerprints of fouty-four apple cultivars are different from each other. The SSR fingerprints of processing apple cultivars established can serve as the cultivars-specific patterns and as an important basis for cultivars identification. The coefficient of 44 apple cultivars were 0.7259–0.9704. All the cultivars tested were divided at coefficient 0.798. All the apple cultivars suitable for juice except Rome Beauty，Macoun，Hongyue，Honeycrisp，Stark Jumbo，Rainier，Duanzhi Gold Delicious were clustered together in the dendrogram. But the apple cultivars suitable for chips were clustered relatively dispersedly. The processing characteristics of processing apple cultivars with extensive genetic basis are associated with parent. When we continue to improve and perfect the evaluation system of quality for apples suitable for juicing and chips，consideration must be given to the correlation between genetic relationships and processing properties. We should reinforce the use of Gold Delicious，Jonathan， Ralls，Fuji and Delicious which are good breeding parents of processing apple cultivars.