大菱鲆胚胎生长与核酸关系的研究

对大菱鲆胚胎发育过程进行观察，研究胚体的生长性能以及核酸、蛋白的变化，分析生长性状与生化指标间的关系。结果表明：（1） 在不同发育时期，大菱鲆胚体长度呈现“缩小-膨大-再缩小-再膨大”的变化过程，在受精后5 h 40 min出现最小值0.998 mm，在孵化期出现最大值1.089 mm。（2） 油球在卵裂期之前逐渐增大，在卵裂期之后逐渐缩短；在受精后9 h 40 min的多细胞期达到最高值0.192 mm，在受精后65 h达到最低值0.176 mm。（3） 胚体质量在原肠期之前呈增大趋势，原肠期之后呈降低趋势；在受精后7 h 30 min的128细胞期出现最低值0.340 mg，在9 h 40 min的多细胞期出现最高值0.674 mg。（4） RNA/DNA和蛋白质/DNA比率变化表明，大菱鲆胚胎发育至卵裂期后，胚体的生长以细胞增殖为主直至囊胚期；之后胚体生长以细胞增大为主直至原肠期；胚胎发育至原肠期后，胚体的生长以细胞增殖为主直至器官形成期；之后胚体生长以细胞增大为主直至孵出；即大菱鲆胚体的生长是细胞增殖和细胞增大周期性交替的过程。（5） 胚胎形态性状和胚体质量跟生化指标间均为“二项式”关系，而且RNA/DNA比率是与胚胎生长性状关系密切的指标。

Relationship between embryonic growth and nucleic acids of Scophthalmus maximus

 Embryonic development of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) was studied， and the growth characteristics as well as the changes of nucleic acids and proteins were analyzed to establish the relationship between growth traits and biochemical indexes. The major results were as follows: （1） Embryonic length changed according to the tendency of “decrease enlargement decrease enlargement” at different stages， and reached the minimal value of 0998 mm at 5 h 40 min after fertilization and the maximal value of 1.089 mm at hatching. （2） Diameter of oil globule increased till cleavage stage and decreased thereafter with the appearance of the highest value of 0.192 mm at 9 h 40 min and the lowest value of 0.176 mm at 65 h. （3） Embryonic body mass increased before gastrula stage and decreased thereafter， and presented the minimal value of 0.340 mg at 7 h 30 min and the maximal value of 0.674 mg at 9 h 40 min. （4） The changes of RNA/DNA and protein/DNA ratios showed that embryonic growth was dominantly hyperplastic till blastula stage， hypertrophical till gastrula stage， hyperplastic till segmentation stage and hypertrophical till hatching， indicating that embryonic growth was periodic alternation of hyperplasia and hypertrophy. （5） The relations were binomial among morphological traits， body mass and biochemical indicators， and RNA/DNA ratio was closely correlated with growth traits.