60Co-γ射线和电子束辐照对鲜香菇保鲜效果的初步研究

为研究⁶⁰Co-γ和电子束2种射线的不同剂量对新鲜香菇采后保鲜效果的影响,本试验通过测定鲜香菇的硬度、呼吸强度、电导率、感官品质等指标,筛选2种辐照射线的最优剂量,并对比分析最优辐照处理下香菇细胞的微观结构。结果表明,⁶⁰Co-γ射线中,2 kGy剂量组香菇硬度降幅为37%,呼吸强度为10.81 mg·kg^-1·h^-1,相对电导率为0.268%,均小于其他剂量组;电子束射线中,3 kGy剂量组香菇硬度降幅为38%,呼吸强度为10.39 mg·kg^-1·h^-1,相对电导率为0.241%,均小于其他剂量组。综合感官分析可知, 3 kGy电子束组和2 kGy ⁶⁰Co-γ射线组香菇的保鲜效果分别优于同类射线其他剂量组。显微分析可知,与2 kGy ⁶⁰Co-γ射线相比,3 kGy电子束辐照能够较好地保持新鲜香菇的菌丝形态,延缓其进一步降解,从而延长其贮藏期。本研究探索了辐照在香菇保鲜过程中的可行性,为推动电子束辐照技术和⁶⁰Co-γ辐照技术在香菇保鲜领域的应用提供了可靠的理论依据与技术支持。

Preliminary Comparison of Preservation Effect of Fresh Lentinus Edodes by 60Co-γ Ray and Electron Beam Irradiation

In order to investigate the effects of different doses of gamma ray and electron beam irradiation technique on the postharvest quality of fresh Lentinus edodes, changes in firmness, respiration, conductivity, sensory characteristics and cell structure and morphology of fresh Lentinus edodes after irradiation were measured. The results showed that with a 2 kGy⁶⁰Co gamma ray irradiation treatment, a high level of firmness(37% reduction) was maintained, lower respiration(10.81 mg·kg^-1·h^-1) and relative conductivity(0.268%), compared to the other groups by ⁶⁰Co gamma ray irradiation after storage for 16 d; while 38% reduction in firmness, 10.39 mg·kg^-1·h^-1 respiration and relative conductivity with a value of 0.241% than other electron bean groups were observed with 3 kGy electron bean irradiation treatment. Sensory analysis showed that the electron beam using 3 kGy, ⁶⁰Co gamma ray with 2 kGy retards mushroom sensory deterioration and therefore has better preservation effect on fresh Lentinus edodes. Microscopic analysis showed that compared with 2 kGy⁶⁰Co gamma ray, 3 kGy electron beam irradiation could keep the morphology of fresh Lentinus edodes well, delay its further degradation and prolong its storage period effectively. This paper explored the feasibility of irradiation in the preservation of fresh mushrooms, indicating that gamma-irradiation and electron-beam, might be a useful mushroom conservation technology.