基于MAXENT生态位模型对内蒙古根河地区驼鹿生境适宜性评价

2013～2015年冬季,综合运用动物生态调查、种群生态学和行为生态学等技术,在内蒙古根河林业局共布设71条长约2～4 km样线、调查313个10 m×10 m样方、1 489个2 m×2 m样方、共收集117份粪便,373个驼鹿出现点数据。利用驼鹿出现数据作为分布点数据,选取地形、植被类型等22种因子作为生境变量,利用MAXENT生态位模型分析了深冬时期根河地区驼鹿冬季生境适宜性分布特征和主要生境因子对驼鹿分布的影响。结果表明:模型预测结果准确性较高,平均AUC(area under the curve,受试工作者曲线下面值)值为0.92,Jackknife检验结果显示:驼鹿生境选择的主要影响因子为距道路距离、距火烧迹地距离、距农田距离、海拔、柳、距沼泽距离、距人为活动点距离、距灌丛距离。驼鹿的适宜生境在根河地区呈现连续性分布,主要分布在东部和东北部,从植被类型上看,适宜生境大部分分布于针叶林,且适宜生境的面积为1 155.8 km^2,约占根河研究区总面积的25.6%。

Habitat Suitability Evaluation of Moose in Genbe Region of Inner Mongolia Based on MAXENT Riche Model

From the winter of 2013 to 2015, the techniques of animal ecological survey, population ecology and behavioral ecology were comprehensively applied.A total of 71 lines with a length of about 2~4 km were set up in genhe forestry bureau of Inner Mongolia.A total of 313 samples of 10 m×10 m and 1, 489 samples of 2 m×2 m were investigated, 117 feces were collected, and 373 data of occurrence points of moose were collected.The occurrence data of moose were used as distribution point data, and 22 factors such as terrain and vegetation types were selected as habitat variables. The MAXENT niche model was used to analyze the distribution characteristics of habitat suitability and the influence of major habitat factors on the distribution of moose in gonghe area in winter.The results show that:The prediction result of the model is relatively high,The average AUC(area under the curve, Face value under the curve of the test worker)is 0.92, Jackknife test results are displayed: The main influencing factors for habitat selection of moose are distance from road, distance from burn site, distance from farmland, altitude, willow, distance from marsh, distance from human activity point and distance from shrub.The suitable habitat of moose was successively distributed in genhe area, mainly in the east and the northeast. From the perspective of vegetation type, most of the suitable habitat was distributed in coniferous forest. ArcGIS 10.3 was used to calculate the habitat area of each grade of moose. The results showed that the suitable habitat area was 1 155.8 km2, accounting for 25.6% of the total habitat area. The unsuitable habitat area was 3 359.3 km2, accounting for 74.4 % of the study area of genhe river.