微喷灌模式冬小麦产量形成及水分利用特性研究

为了解微喷灌技术的节水潜力及其对冬小麦生理特性和产量形成的影响,采用裂区试验设计,以灌溉方式(微喷灌和畦灌)为主区,灌溉量和灌水时期为副区,微喷灌和畦灌分别设置了6个和12个灌水量水平,分析了微喷灌冬小麦部分生理指标的变化以及产量和水分利用特点。结果表明,两种灌溉模式下小麦供水量(降水+灌溉水)与产量均呈2次曲线关系,达到最高产量的微喷灌、畦灌供水量分别为228.7和325.8 mm,相应耗水量分别为386.3和449.7 mm,微喷灌的最高产量和WUE较畦灌分别提高5.8%和16.3%。供水量190.0 mm下微喷灌小麦达到最高产量,相应耗水量为348.8 mm,WUE较畦灌提高26.7%。在较低灌水量范围内,相同灌水量下微喷灌小麦叶片渗透势、叶绿素含量和光合速率均高于畦灌小麦,尤其是在生育后期;在最高产量时微喷灌小麦叶片各项生理指标明显高于畦灌或与之相当。与传统畦灌比较,在限水灌溉条件下,微喷灌能显著提高小麦生育后期叶片生理活性,增产效果突出,节水潜力较大。

Study on Yield Formation and Water Utilization Characteristics of Winter Wheat under Micro-sprinkling Irrigation

In order to understand the water-saving potential of micro-sprinkling irrigation technology and its influence on the physiological characteristics and yield formation of winter wheat, a split plot design was adopted, in which the main irrigation mode (micro-sprinkling irrigation and border irrigation) was used as the main plot, and the irrigation amount and irrigation period were sub-plot, with 6 and 12 irrigation amount for micro-sprinkling irrigation and border irrigation, respectively. The changes of some physiological indices, yield and water use characteristics of micro-sprinkling irrigation in winter wheat were analyzed. Results showed that the relationship between water supply (precipitation + irrigation water) and yield was quadratic. To achieve the maximum yield, the water supply of micro-sprinkling irrigation and border irrigation was 228.7 and 325.8 mm, respectively, and the corresponding water consumption was 386.3 and 449.7 mm, respectively. The maximum yield and WUEunder micro-sprinkling irrigation were 5.8% and 16.3% higher than those under border irrigation, respectively. Under the condition of 190.0 mm water supply, the yield of wheat under micro-sprinkling irrigation was the highest, with the corresponding water consumption of 348.8 mm, and WUE was 26.7% higher than that under border irrigation. In the range of lower irrigation, the osmotic potential, chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate of wheat leaves under the same irrigation were higher than those under the border irrigation, especially in the later growth stage.When yield reached the maximum, the physiological indices of wheat leaves under the micro-irrigation were significantly higher than or equal to those under the border irrigation. Compared with the traditional border irrigation, under the condition of limited water irrigation, micro-sprinkling irrigation can significantly improve the physiological activity of wheat leaves in the later growth stage, with outstandingly increased yield and great water saving potential.