耕作方式对旱区冬小麦籽粒品质性状的影响

为了解耕作方式对旱区冬小麦籽粒品质的影响规律,在长期定位试验的基础上,分析了深耕、免耕覆盖、深松覆盖和传统耕作4种耕作方式间冬小麦籽粒主要基础品质性状、粉质特性、拉伸特性、淀粉糊化特性和淀粉产量的差异。结果表明,在4种耕作方式中,深耕处理条件下,冬小麦籽粒硬度,灰分含量,沉降值,湿、干面筋含量,吸水率及面团形成时间最高,而面团稳定时间和弱化度最低;与传统耕作相比,深松覆盖和免耕覆盖能够提高籽粒粒径、出粉率和面团稳定时间,降低籽粒硬度、沉降值、湿面筋含量和面粉吸水率。面团拉伸面积、拉伸阻力、最大拉伸阻力和拉伸比例均表现为免耕覆盖>传统耕作>深耕>深松覆盖。免耕覆盖和深松覆盖有利于提高淀粉糊化温度、峰值黏度、最终黏度和反弹值,在一定程度上降低了稀懈值。同时,深松覆盖和免耕覆盖可以显著提高小麦籽粒淀粉含量和淀粉产量。深松覆盖和免耕覆盖对冬小麦籽粒品质性状的影响具有一定的积极效应。

Effects of Different Tillage Managements on Quality Characteristics of Winter Wheat in Dry Farmland Area

In order to reveal the regulating effects of different tillage managements on the quality of winter wheat and support the theory and technology foundation for spreading the conservation tillage,a field experiment was conducted over a period of 6 years to study the effects of four tillage managements on the basic quality characteristics,farinograms,extensograms,starch pasting properties,starch content and starch yield of winter wheat.The results showed that the winter wheat quality under different tillage managements had an evident difference.With the deep ploughing tillage (DT),the grain hardness,flour ash,falling number,wet and dry gluten content,water absorption rate and development time of wheat were the highest,and the stability time and degree of softening were the lowest among the four tillage managements.Compared with the conventional tillage (CT),the subsoil ploughing tillage (ST) and no tillage (NT) could improve the diameter of grain,the flour extraction rate and stability time of wheat,and could decrease the grain hardness,falling number,wet gluten content and water absorption rate of wheat.The extension area,extension resistance and max resistance were observed as that NT>CT>DT>ST.No tillage and subsoil ploughing tillage treatment were benefited to increase the pasting temperature,highest viscosity,final viscosity and setback value,and to decrease the breakdown value to a certain degree.Subsoil ploughing tillage and no tillage treatment could significantly increase starch content and starch yield.The effects of conservation tillage managements on the quality of winter wheat were positive to a certain degree.