授粉后施加秋水仙碱处理诱导青杨派异源三倍体

从中国北方地区拓展杨树品种资源考虑，以哲引3号杨为母本,小青杨和北京杨为父本,对授粉后24～96 h的雌花序施加0.3%～0.5%的秋水仙碱溶液处理,获得了26株青杨杂种三倍体.其中尤以授粉后54～66 h时施加秋水仙碱处理的三倍体诱导效果最好,三倍体得率最高，达66.7%. 与二倍体后代群体相比,青杨杂种三倍体具有一定的生长优势,其中哲引3号杨×北京杨三倍体2年生实生苗的地径和苗高平均值分别超出二倍体20%和5%；最优单株的地径和苗高分别达4.42 cm和2.77 m,超出二倍体平均值144%和43%. 青杨派树种的三倍体诱导实践进一步证明,雌花序授粉后施加秋水仙碱处理是一种高效的三倍体诱导方法. 

Induction of allo-triploid plants in Populus (Section Tacamahaca ) with colchicine after pollination

In order to enrich the resources of Populus varieties in north China, femalecatkins were treated with 0.3％-0.5％ colchicine solution during 24.96 hrs after pollination in cross combinations including (P. pseudo simonii × P. nigra var. lica) × (P. × beijingensis) and (P. pseudo simonii × P. nigra var. lica) × P. pseudo simonii, and 26 triploid plants were obtained. The results showed that 54-66 hrs after pollination was the optimal period to induce triploids in these cross combinations, and the highest ratio of obtaining triploids was 66.7％. Comparedwith the diploid progeny, the growth of these allo triploids showed certain superiority. Especially in (P. pseudo simonii × P. nigra var. lica) × (P. × beijingensis), on average, the basal diameter and stem height of two_year_old triploid seedlings exceeded the ones of diploids by 20％ and 5％ respectively; the two indices of the best triploid in this cross combination were 4.42 cm and 2.77 m, which were 144％ and 43％ more than those of the average growth of diploids respectively. Induction of allo-triploids in Section Tacamahaca further proves that treating pollinated female catkins with colchicine is an efficient method to obtain triploid plants.