Development of colchicine‐induced tetraploid St. Augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum secundatum) lines

St. Augustinegrass is well suited for lawns and commercial landscapes. While many genotypes are cross‐fertile, all cultivars are propagated vegetatively in sod production. To ensure varietal purity, development of sterile triploid hybrids by crossing tetraploid and diploid genotypes has been successfully used in other warm‐season turfgrasses. Applying this model in St. Augustinegrass would be beneficial to sod producers and turf managers who require purity for certification and uniformity for performance, respectively. This study was conducted to develop colchicine‐induced tetraploid lines of St. Augustinegrass. Seeds of cultivar ‘Raleigh’ were treated with four colchicine concentrations at four exposure times. A non‐treated control was included among the treatments. Seedlings that germinated were screened for genome size changes using flow cytometry. Line DSA 13005 and two progeny lines derived through selfing, DSA 16001 and DSA 16016, were corroborated as tetraploids (2n = 4x = 36) through chromosome counts. These lines will be used in future breeding efforts to attempt development of sterile triploid cultivars of St. Augustinegrass.     

秋水仙素处理日本矮紫薇种子变异的初步研究

用0.05％、0.10％、0.15％3种不同浓度秋水仙素和24、48、72 h 3个不同处理时间,对日本矮紫薇种子发芽性状和幼苗生长性状进行研究.结果表明:0.05％、0.10％、0.15％浓度秋水仙素处理日本紫薇种子24、48、72 h,随着秋水仙素浓度的增加和处理时间的延长其种子发芽率、发芽势、出苗率均有降低的现象,0.15％浓度秋水仙素溶液处理的日本矮紫薇种子72 h时出苗率低于10％.随着秋水仙素处理浓度和时间的延长,幼苗生长表现出矮化、根部变短、叶片变厚的趋势.该研究获得了3株矮化的变异植株及2株株型变异的幼苗,对日本矮紫薇突变体产生、筛选及良种选育提供了基础.     

The effect of colchicine on triticale anther-derived plants: Microspore pre-treatment and haploid-plant treatment using a hydroponic recovery system

In cereals, chromosome doubling of microspore-derived haploid plants is a critical step in producing doubled haploid plants. This investigation was undertaken to study the effect of incorporation of colchicine in the induction medium for anther culture, and the effect of colchicine on anther culture-derived plants of triticale grown under controlled greenhouse conditions. In the latter case, chromosome doubling of adult sterile plants derived from anther culture of fourteen triticale populations was attempted, where androgenetic plants with non-dehiscent anthers were cloned and subjected to the colchicine treatment, and then grown with the aid of hydroponics. The hydroponic system provided optimal conditions for recovery of the affected haploids from the toxic effects of colchicine treatment and all colchicine-treated plants survived. A topcross-F₁ (TC₁F₁) population with timopheevii cytoplasm produced the highest percentage of plants with seed-set either due to chromosome doubling by colchicine (98%) or spontaneous doubling of chromosome number (15%). Colchicine-treated anthers performed inferior than control in both induction and regeneration phases. One of the key observation of this study was the reversal from reproductive stage back to the vegetative stage which in turn enabled further cloning of haploid plants under hydroponic conditions once they were identified as sterile. The one hundred percent survival rate of in vitro-derived plants, 100% survival rate of colchicine treated haploid plants and the high chromosome doubling success rate (X = 82.3) observed in this study imply that a temperature-controlled greenhouse with an hydroponic system provides an efficient environment for inducing chromosome doubling of haploid plants in cereals. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

秋水仙素诱变对桑黄菌丝生长及活性成分的影响

以1.0%纤维素酶和0.5%蜗牛酶不同处理时间的桑黄菌丝为试材,采用0.1%秋水仙素诱变桑黄菌丝研究其诱变下桑黄菌丝再生菌株的生长速率以及多糖、黄酮和三萜等活性成分含量变化,以期获得生长快且活性成分含量高的菌种,以期为桑黄菌株选育、种质资源创新和应用奠定基础。结果表明:秋水仙素诱变后桑黄菌丝再生菌株的生长速率以及多糖、黄酮和三萜等活性成分含量基本呈增加趋势。其中,与对照相比,诱变酶解桑黄菌丝20 min获得的再生菌株20-1生长速率最快,增加了366.67%;三萜和多糖含量最高的再生菌株为10-5,分别增加了1069.73%和281.85%;多酚含量最高的再生菌株为5-1,增加了530.56%;黄酮含量最高的再生菌株为30-1,增加了3771.43%。     

秋水仙素诱导新铁炮百合2n花粉方法的优化

以新铁炮百合种子为试材,采用正交实验设计探索利用秋水仙素处理新铁炮百合种子的诱导2n花粉方法和可能性。结果表明:种子萌发处理时间5 d、秋水仙素浓度0.05%或0.2%时新铁炮百合种子出苗的效果最好;经对大花粉率极差分析,秋水仙素处理浓度是诱导大花粉的最主要因子,秋水仙素浓度0.1%、处理时间为24 h,种子萌发处理时间7 d,种子品种富田3号是诱导新铁炮百合大花粉有效方法。     

山丹新麦草染色体加倍方法研究

本研究以山丹新麦草为材料，通过秋水仙素处理萌动种子、胚芽、二倍体植株幼苗染色体加倍研究，探讨了不同诱变材料的适宜处理浓度和时间，从而比较出最适宜的染色体加倍方法。结果显示：最好的加倍方法是用0．1％的秋水仙素溶液处理二倍体幼苗24h诱变率最高，为62．5％。     

秋水仙素对金达苜蓿染色体加倍效果的影响

【目的】获得金达苜蓿四倍体的纯合体,为不同倍性苜蓿遗传特性研究及不同倍性间实现基因的流动奠定基础。【方法】以金达苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.cv.Jinda)种子(2n=16)为材料,利用秋水仙素结合组织培养,研究了秋水仙素不同质量浓度(0.02,0.07,0.12mg/mL)、不同处理时间(1,3,7d)对金达苜蓿愈伤组织诱导效果及染色体加倍效果的影响,并从形态学和根尖染色体观察对变异株进行倍性鉴定。【结果】秋水仙素质量浓度和处理时间2个因素对金达苜蓿诱变效果均有一定程度的影响,随着秋水仙素质量浓度的升高、处理时间的延长,愈伤组织的诱导率和分化率均下降,成苗率则规律不明显,其中0.07mg/mL秋水仙素处理3d的诱导效果最好,愈伤组织的诱导率达到60.5%,愈伤组织分化率为33.63%,诱变幼苗成苗率为24.1%。倍性鉴定结果表明,获得的变异植株为四倍体与二倍体的混倍体。【结论】0.07mg/mL秋水仙素处理3d是获得多倍体变异幼苗的最佳条件,获得了四倍体和二倍体的混倍体。     

连翘多倍体诱导与鉴定

以连翘籽苗为材料,采用秋水仙素溶液处理生长点的诱变,茎尖细胞染色体计数检测及流式细胞仪倍性鉴定等方法,研究了不同浓度秋水仙素对连翘的诱变效果.结果表明:02%的秋水仙素溶液处理连翘籽苗生长点72 h变异株率最高,达到583%,诱导效果最佳.经秋水仙素诱导后形成的多倍体植株叶片变宽变大,叶色变深,茎变粗且节距变大,气孔增...     

墨兰多倍体的离体诱导和鉴定

以墨兰‘企剑白墨’的根状茎为材料,研究了秋水仙素处理对墨兰根状茎生长和多倍体诱导的影响。结果表明,秋水仙素对根状茎有严重的毒害致死作用,在试验浓度和时间范围内,随着秋水仙素浓度的升高或处理时间的延长,根状茎存活率明显降低。秋水仙素能诱导‘企剑白墨’根状茎的染色体加倍,但不同浓度和时间处理的染色体加倍效率不一样。只在0.01%×3 d处理下诱导出四倍体,诱导率为11.11%,其余处理诱导出二、四混倍体,诱导率在0～19.44%之间。四倍体根状茎比二倍体粗壮,顶端更圆,再生出的四倍体植株株型紧凑,叶片质地变硬,根明显增粗。     

彩色马蹄莲2n配子育种技术初探

以彩色马蹄莲的栽培品种‘黒魔术’Black magic、‘火烈鸟’Flamingo为实验材料,研究彩色马蹄莲2n配子育种技术。选择刚从茎秆中抽出的幼小健壮小花,用0.15%的秋水仙素处理以诱导2n配子,将诱导的2n配子进行不同组合的杂交实验。结果表明：秋水仙素处理对彩色马蹄莲雄雌蕊发育有一定毒副作用,其中对雌蕊的损伤大于雄蕊;2n配子能在一定程度上克服杂交后代不育性;在相同条件下,经2n配子诱导处理的杂交种子与未处理的对照种子相比,种子萌发时间大幅度缩短（50天左右）,叶片变薄、变大、叶色变浅,有些杂交植株表现出不同程度的畸变。通过对杂交后代的细胞学鉴定表明：处理配子杂交后代中获得染色体数目为48（2n=3x=48）的三倍体植株。