影响奶牛繁殖性能的营养因素及其调控

本文对影响奶牛繁殖性能的营养因素及其饲养调控技术方面的研究进展进行了综合评述。结论认为奶牛营养状况与繁殖性能密切相关,随着遗传性能和饲养管理技术的改进,奶牛泌乳量得以迅速提高的同时,对营养需要量的要求也随之提高。营养需要量的提高常常导致奶牛特殊生理阶段发生能量负平衡,致使奶牛繁殖能力下降;高蛋白日粮有利于提高产奶量,却往往降低了繁殖性能;日粮中矿物质和维生素含量偏高或偏低以及比例不当都会影响奶牛的繁殖性能;奶牛营养的全过程,包括采食量及采食的营养成分水平都与奶牛的繁殖性能密切相关。

Effect of Nutrition Factors and Feeding Control on Reproduction Performance in Cows

This article reviewed the effect of nutrition factors and feeding control on reproduction performance in cows.The conclusion was that it was involved with nutrition status and reproduction performance of cows.With the improvement of heredity performance and feeding management technique,the milk production enhanced rapidly,and the requirement of nutrition demand enhanced too.The enhancement of nutrition demand often resulted in minus balance of energy on special physiological phases of cows and led to decreasing of reproduction capability.The high protein diet was propitious to improving milk production,but it often decreased reproduction performance.The high or low content and improper ratios of mineral and vitamin in diets all affected reproduction performance of cows.The entire process of nutrition of cows,including the intake and the level of nutrients intaked,was involved with reproduction performance of cows.