离体诱导‘美人’梅多倍体初报

为了获得抗逆性强、观赏性好的梅花多倍体,该文以秋水仙素和氨磺乐灵为诱变剂,利用浸泡和培养基两种方法对二倍体‘美人’梅的丛生芽进行离体诱变,并采用流式细胞分析仪鉴定了形态变化植株细胞的染色体倍性。结果表明,秋水仙素和氨磺乐灵对丛生芽的生长有不同程度的抑制作用,但氨磺乐灵毒性比秋水仙素小。秋水仙素诱变丛生芽的半致死剂量为4000mg/L、72h或8000mg/L、60h,在浓度为8000mg/L溶液中浸泡48h后,继代3~5次,植株形态发生明显变化,为混倍体;氨磺乐灵诱变丛生芽的半致死剂量是28mg/L、36h或56mg/L、24h,在浓度为28mg/L溶液中浸泡96h后,继代3~5次,植株形态发生变化,为二倍体与四倍体的嵌合体。

Preliminary study of in virto induction of polyploids in Prunus mume‘Meiren’

Adventitious shoots of Prunus mume ‘Meiren’ were soaked in solutions of colchicine or oryzalin, or cultured in the medium supplemented with oryzalin in order to obtain polyploid Mei flower with improved stress resistance and ornamental characteristics. Ploidy levels were determined by flow cytometry. The results showed that the growth of adventitious shoots was restrained by clochicine and oryzalin. Oryzalin had less harm than colchicine. The LD50 of colchicine was 4 000 mg L for 72 h or 8 000 mg L for 60 h; adventitious shoots emerged at the concentration of 8 000 mg L for 48 h produced phenotypic variation after three to five subcultures, which were confirmed as mixoploids. The LD50 of oryzalin was 28 mg L for 36 h or 56 mg L for 24 h; adventitious shoots treated at the concentration of 28 mg L for 96 h produced phenotypic variation after three to five subcultures, which were confirmed to be mixoploids.