稻瘿蚊间歇性暴发原因和治理对策探讨

通过多年的系统调查和观察,明确了稻瘿蚊发生具有间歇性、隐蔽性、暴发性、毁灭性和专一性等5个特点,分析了其在大田县间歇大发生有5个方面的因素。防治上提出农业防治可采取“铲”、“避”、“改”等方法,化学防治应选用具有强触杀、强渗透力药剂,采用毒土法施药技术。     

中国草地贪夜蛾的防控策略

草地贪夜蛾2019年已经在中国南方和周边国家的热带、南亚热带地区完成定殖过程。自2020年起,将在春、夏两季随季风向北逐代迁移进入中国长江流域、黄河流域和东北小麦、玉米等重要农作物主产区发生为害,形成对国家粮食生产安全的长期性威胁。作者基于对草地贪夜蛾生物学习性和发生规律的认识,借鉴中国棉铃虫等重大农业害虫防控的经验教训,提出了中国草地贪夜蛾防控工作"两步走"策略。在近年内,实施以化学防治、物理防治、生物防治和农业防治为主的综合防治技术体系,旨在解决短期内生产上草地贪夜蛾为害的应急管控问题。然后通过现代农业信息技术和生物技术的创新与应用,力争在3～5年的时间内构建和实施以精准监测预警、迁飞高效阻截和种植Bt玉米为核心的综合防治技术体系,实现低成本、绿色可持续控制目标,满足中国农业生产高质量发展和社会生态文明建设的战略性需求。     

新冠肺炎疫情与猪肉价格波动初探

基于2020年3月-2020年10月猪肉价格及新冠肺炎疫情指数,借助VAR模型,定量研究新冠肺炎疫情对于猪肉价格的影响。研究结果表明:新冠肺炎疫情对猪肉价格存在影响,促使猪肉价格上涨,在此基础上文章提出相应措施。     

蓖麻枯萎病主要发生规律的研究

主要对蓖麻枯萎病的初侵染源和影响蓖麻枯萎病的主要因子进行了研究,初步明确了土壤、病残体、种子和有机肥是蓖麻枯萎病的主要初侵染源,轮作、不同生育期、湿度、品种和前茬作物等是影响蓖麻枯萎病发生的主要因子。     

三种生根剂对"广益"牛鞭草插穗生根的作用

本试验以NAA、ABT、IBA三种生根剂各200×10-6,100×10-6,80×10-6,60×10-6,40×10-6浓度对"广益"牛鞭草插穗处理5分钟,通过测定株平均生根数、株平均生根长度、最大根长及其分蘖情况,说明80×10-6的ABT、100×10-6的IBA、200×10-6的NAA能使牛鞭草插穗的生根数分别增加72%、318%、254%,根长分别增加103%、724%、548%,鲜根量分别增加88%、128%、88%。证明生根剂对牛鞭草插穗成活生根有促进作用,应在生产实践中推广运用。     

Population dynamics of tree species in southern Quebec,Canada: 1970–2005

Over the last few decades, several phenomena contributed to modify the structure and composition of the eastern North American forests. Along with forest management, disturbances such as insect defoliation, global environmental changes, acid deposition, and rising atmospheric CO₂ concentrations, have been identified as phenomena that could affect forest structure and composition. Currently, there is very little quantitative information on the resulting effect of multiple disturbances on the main parameters of forest dynamics (growth, mortality, and recruitment). Using available data from the Quebec permanent sample plots network, we analyzed the ecological response of tree species populations to the combined effect of contemporary global environmental changes, disturbance regimes, and forest management practices over the last 30 years in southern Quebec. The results indicate that the main parameters of forest dynamics changed considerably over the last three decades. The last spruce budworm outbreak initiated a successional change in coniferous stands. The basal area of Abies balsamea and Picea glauca, the most abundant coniferous species, decreased by 29.7%, while pioneer species abundance increased. For late successional deciduous species, observed changes in forest dynamics appear to be mainly associated with global environmental changes rather than with natural disturbances or forest harvesting. The results indicate that inferring responses of tree population dynamics to global environmental changes can be very complex or even misleading considering the confounding effects of other disturbance agents. The results also suggest that the ecosystem-based management approach promoted by forest ecologists, aimed at maintaining landscape stand composition and structures similar to those characterizing natural environments, will not be easily achieved. Forest ecosystems are highly dynamic and disturbances other than tree harvesting appear to have been the major factors affecting their pattern of change over the last three decades. Forest managers should consider adaptive management approaches that will consider the contemporary evolution of forest ecosystems in a changing environment.     

油桐无性系生产力判别评级与预测研究

根据选自福建、浙江等５个油桐主产省（区）７６个油桐优良单株无性系在金华试验点的生长表现，按照其中已测定含油率、产果量和其它性状的６５个油桐无性系样本，建立了生产力评级的Ｆｉｓｈｅｒ判别模型，该模型对分属Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ４个产油量水平的各无性系的回判正判率分别达到了１００％、１００％、８２％、１００％。进而应用该模型预测了未进行气干果含油率测定的其它１１个无性的生产力等级。据此，从７６个无性系中筛选出４４、４８、５４、５６号４个高产优良无性系。     

宁夏首起牛结节性皮肤病疫情流行病学调查

2020年10月,宁夏盐池县、利通区、平罗县发生输入性牛结节性皮肤病疫情。为查明疫情发生原因,分析疫情扩散风险,宁夏回族自治区农业农村厅畜牧兽医局组织成立督导组进行流行病学调查。通过现场调查、座谈及实验室检测,综合发病、溯源和追踪情况以及实验室检测结果,分析认为此次疫情是由调入纯种荷斯坦育成奶牛引起的。因及时采取了封锁疫点、控制移动、扑杀、无害化处理、清洗消毒、杀灭蚊蝇、免疫等综合处置措施,疫情扩散风险较低。此次疫情警示,要强化牛只及其产品的调运监管,加强疫情排查监测,及时发现和处置疫情。     

杉木炭疽病发生的预测模型

本文应用数量化理论I原理建立杉木炭疽病发生的预测模型，结果表明，杉木炭疽病发病率同海拔、坡向、坡位、土层厚度、林龄和质地有大或较大的相关；杉木炭疽病感染指数同坡向、坡位、海拔、质地、紧密度和土层厚度有大或较大的相关。