水稻米糠中矿质营养品质的研究

选用有代表性的不同种皮颜色水稻品种36份,比较分析了在不同环境下种植,其米糠中Se、Cu、Fe、Zn、Ca和Mn6种矿质元素含量的差异及其相关性。结果表明:米糠中6种元素的平均含量依高低排序为Ca>Mn>Fe>Zn>Cu>Se,而且各品种间Ca含量的变异系数最大,而Se含量的变异系数最小;米糠中多种元素含量高且稳定的品种有:"福两优63"(Se、Fe、Mn)、"培两优288"(Cu、Fe、Mn)、"特优77"(Cu、Fe、Zn、Mn)、"IR30"(Se、Fe、Zn、Mn)和"隆化大红欲"(Cu、Fe、Zn)等;白米米糠中Mn含量(137.779μg/g)极显著高于黑米米糠(119.739μg/g)和红米米糠(113.967μg/g);在3种不同环境条件下,米糠中Fe与Zn含量间均表现显著正相关,而Fe与Ca含量间呈显著或极显著负相关。     

甘蓝型油菜黄籽粒色性状研究

从结构解剖、生理生化、遗传和分子生物学等方面对20多年来国内外甘蓝型黄籽油菜的研究成果进行了综述。解剖学研究揭示了甘蓝型黄籽油菜不耐自交的原因，色素物质存在的部位及种皮颜色变化过程；生理生化方面认为花色素、多酚和类黄酮对未成熟种子的种皮颜色有决定作用，黑色素决定了成熟种子种皮颜色。花色素可能由游离苯丙氨酸转化而来，黑色素由游离酪氨酸和多酚为前体合成的，并以邻苯二酚型为主要组成成分；品质性状方面的研究表明：粒色浅，则种皮薄，种皮纤维素含量低，而种子含油量，胚含油量及皮壳含油量就高，但粒色与种子含油量的相关是通过皮壳率和皮壳含油量而体现的。种皮厚，种皮纤维素含量高，千粒重小。单株粒重越大，胚蛋白质含量就高；黄籽粒色主要受母本基因型影响，至少受2对基因控制，环境及农艺措施也影响种皮色泽，其遗传复杂性可能由于不同的A和C基因组控制粒色基因位点间互作，或转座子控制导致的；可以通过系统选育、杂交选育、理化诱变及生物技术选育等方法获得甘蓝型黄籽油菜。     

凤仙花属总状花序组的种皮微形态观察研究

应用扫描电镜技术对凤仙花属（Impatiens）总状花序组（sect. Racemosae Hook. f. et Thomson）23种植物的种子进行了观察研究。结果表明：总状花序组植物的种子为椭圆体形、倒卵形和狭卵形;长宽比多在1.4 ~ 2.3;种皮表面具网状纹饰和指状隆起两种类型,指状隆起又可分为排列疏松和紧密两类。该组的种皮微形态与宏观形态性状相关性较小,但网眼内是否有颗粒物、指状隆起的排列密度、隆起物上是否有颗粒状附属物或凹陷小孔等特征具有种水平上的稳定性和特异性,对该组植物的种间界定具有重要的意义。     

白菜型油菜种皮和种胚硫甙总量及其分量分析

试验结果表明,不论硫甙含量高低,白菜型黑籽油菜皮壳率约为19％,黄籽为14％。普通油菜的种胚和种皮的硫甙含量分别占种子硫甙含量的96％和4％,优质油菜的种胚和种皮的硫甙含量分别占种子硫甙含量的89％和11％。种子和种胚中以3—丁烯基硫甙为主,种皮中则以3—了烯基硫甙和2—羟基—3—丁烯基硫甙为主。     

花蓟马与向日葵籽粒锈斑发生的关系

向日葵是我国重要的油料经济作物,籽粒锈斑近几年在向日葵籽粒上发生,严重影响向日葵籽粒的品质,然而关于向日葵籽粒锈斑的成因目前并不清楚。本文在内蒙古向日葵主产区,选择向日葵籽粒锈斑发生严重的区域,通过大田套袋技术并结合室内接虫试验,对向日葵籽粒锈斑的成因进行初步探索。结果表明,2020年五原县、乌拉特前旗及2021年五原县向日葵经套袋处理后,花蓟马Frankliniella intonsa Trybom的数量分别比对照降低了13.23、1.33头和191.53头,向日葵籽粒锈斑的发病率比对照(未套袋)相应降低了28.19%、12.07%和60.02%,与对照有极显著差异(P<0.01),花蓟马数量与向日葵籽粒锈斑的发病率呈现出显著的正相关关系。同时,室内在向日葵花盘上接种花蓟马后向日葵籽粒锈斑的发病率为22.67%,而未接虫的向日葵籽粒锈斑没有发病。另外,统计显示向日葵花盘外侧花蓟马数量显著大于中间和内层,向日葵籽粒锈斑发病率也呈现相同的规律。由此推测,向日葵籽粒锈斑的发生主要与花蓟马的活动有关,花蓟马可能是造成向日葵籽粒锈斑的主要成因。     

内蒙古车前属6种,2变种植物种皮的扫描结构

利用种子外部形态和种皮扫描特征进行植物分类学研究,这在车前属 Plantago L.植物的研究中尚属空白。本文对内蒙古车前属6种,2变种植物的种子外部形态和种皮表面结构进行了扫描电镜观察。从种子外部形态和种皮表面雕纹结构分析,各种之间均存在程度不同的差异,它可以反映种群的分类学特征,因而作者提出应把种子外部形态和种皮扫描特征作为车前属植物分类的依据之一,依此进一步印证了前人对车前属分类的合理性,同时报道了车前属植物在内蒙古的4个新记录种。     

Genetic variation of yellow-seeded rapeseed lines (Brassica napus L.) from different genetic sources

In order to breed yellow-seeded rapeseed, 16 yellow-seeded lines of Brassica napus L. derived from eight genetic sources were used. The genetic variation of the seedcoat ratio, the cellulose content of the seedcoat, the oil content of the seedcoat and of the embryo, and also the correlations between these characters of the yellow- and brown-seeded plants from the same line, were analysed by variance analysis and path analysis. The results show that the seedcoat ratio and cellulose content of brown seeds are 4.2% and 17.74%, respectively, higher than that of yellow seeds and the oil content of the seedcoat of brown seeds is 3% lower than that of the yellow seeds, these differences all being highly significant. However, the differences between yellow and brown seeds in 1000-seed weight and oil content of the embryo were very small. Both characters are determined mainly by the genetic background and not by seed colour or seedcoat thickness. The correlation analysis revealed that the seedcoat thickness has a highly significant positive correlation with the cellulose content of the seedcoat and is highly significantly negatively correlated with the seedcoat oil content and the 1000-seed weight. The oil content of the embryo alone has a highly significant negative correlation with 1000-seed weight. In yellow seeds, the seedcoat thickness has a large and directly positive effect on the oil content of the embryo whereas the 1000-seed weight has a negative one; the opposite was found in brown seeds. Selection objectives in breeding yellow seeds in Brassica napus are also discussed.     

“黄瓜种衣剂1号”包衣效果分析

应用“黄瓜种衣剂１号”包衣黄瓜种子,有利于提高种子的发芽能力和耐藏性,促进出苗并有利于培育壮苗,显著提高幼苗耐冷能力,对苗期枯萎病防效为９０．５％,对苗期综合性病害的防效为７７．８％．     

Procedure and General Features of Testing Breakage Resistance of Seedcoat in Euphorbia lathyris L.

The breakage resistance of the seedcoat of Euphorbia lathyris was measured in terms of compressive force and deformation. Using an Instron Universal Testing Machine, seeds of genetically divergent descent were tested at a moisture content comparable to that at harvesting time in the field.
In comparison to other crop species breakage resistance of caper spurge is characterized by low values of force and medium ones for deformation. In connection with a likewise weakly expressed degree of elasticity the large portion of damaged seeds observed during mechanical harvesting becomes understandable. Regarding the descent of seed samples the eventual implication of an unsufficient variation of the character in question is becoming evident.     

Multifactor inheritance of seedcoat colour in greengram (Vigna Radiata (L.) Wilczek.)

Summary Seedcoat colour in greengram (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek.) is a useful marker for genetic studies and varietal identification. Its mode of inheritance was examined in five crosses among nine parents which differed for seedcoat colour. Four of the parents had sap green seedcoat colour while the others had raw sienna, brownish green, densely black spotted, black and greenish yellow seedcoat colour, respectively. At the F₂ generation, no more than 20 different colour classes were observed. The segregation in F₃ and backcross generations indicated that at least five major genes were involved in seedcoat colour inheritance. Sap green seemed to be dominant over raw sienna. The segregation ratios further indicated the role of non-allelic gene interactions (epistasis) in inheritance of seedcoat colour. Gene symbols were assigned to each colour and genotypes to each parent.