镉对苗期高羊茅的形态和生理影响

以20份高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea)品种为试验材料,通过测量其形态指标,运用标准差系数赋予权重法,对其进行综合评价。结果筛选出耐镉性较强的高羊茅材料M15和M8,分别采自美国的猎狗5和荷兰的巴弗斯;耐镉性较差的高羊茅材料M5和M11,分别采自荷兰的米斯特拉尔和来自日本的法恩。在此基础上,采用分光光度法,测定了这4份材料的生理指标,过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、叶绿素和脯氨酸(Pro)含量的变化,进一步研究了他们的生理反应。结果表明,随着镉浓度的升高,耐镉性较强的高羊茅材料猎狗5与和巴弗斯POD和CAT含量一直呈上升趋势,而耐镉性较差的材料米斯特拉尔和法恩POD和CAT含量则呈现先升后降的趋势。随着镉浓度的升高,不同材料的叶绿素含量呈下降趋势,不同材料的脯氨酸含量则呈不断上升趋势。     

中国草芦对土壤营养吸收的效率(英文)

中国草芦(Phalaris arunainacea L.)是禾本科草芦属多年生根茎型优良禾草。对其进行N、P、K、NP、NK、PK、NPK、CK八个处理,在分蘖期采用M.K.Ka提出的公式测定中国草芦对土壤及肥料中N、P、K三元素的吸收和利用系数,并测定植物粗蛋白质和粗脂肪的含量,成熟期测定鲜草、干草产量和种子产量,结果表明:中国草芦对土壤中N的吸收系数(Kn%)以PK处理最高为12.36,K处理降低。对肥料中N的利用系数(Ky%)以NPK处理为最高(14.78),所有处理均高于对照。对土壤中P的吸收系数Kn%以NK处理最高为19.30,K处理的降低。对肥料中P的利用系数Ky%,以NP最高为19.52,所有处理均比CK高,对土壤中K的吸收系数Kn%以NP处理最高,为19.2,单一的P处理最低,对肥料中K的利用系数Ky%以NPK处理最高,为28.44。鲜草和干草产量以NP处理最高,且所有处理均高于对照。种子产量及粗蛋白质含量以NK处理最高,粗脂肪含量以NK、N处理最高,本实验说明中国草芦进行人工栽培后,施用一定比例的肥料,可以提高肥料的利用效率,提高产量的品质。     

高羊茅光周期调控基因FaCONSTANS亚细胞定位与差异表达分析

构建高羊茅光周期调控基因FaCONSTANS与绿色荧光蛋白基因GFP融合的植物表达载体P-FaCONSTA NS-hGFP,基因枪转化法转入洋葱表皮细胞,荧光显微镜检测融合基因的瞬时表达.并运用实时荧光定量PCR研究光周期调控基因FaCONSTANS在长日照与短日照条件下昼夜24 h的表达差异.结果表明:FaCONST...     

北固山湿地野生虉草生物量的研究

对北固山湿地野生虉草的株高、茎高、叶龄、生物量等进行了研究,结果表明,虉草的株高和茎高的变化呈现出近“S”型的生长曲线,叶龄与株高和茎高均呈一元线性显著的正相关关系,生物量的变化与生育期关系密切。     

Isolation and characterization of microsatellites in Bambusa arundinacea and cross species amplification in other bamboos

Isolation and characterization of microsatellites was analysed in Bambusa arundinacea and cross species amplification studied in other bamboos. Microsatellites, tandem repeats of short nucleotide (1–6 bp) sequences, are the DNA marker of choice because of their highly polymorphic, ubiquitous distribution within the genome, ease of genotyping through Polymerase chain reaction, selectively neutral, co‐dominant and multiallelic nature. Six microsatellites, three polymorphic and three monomorphic have been characterized for the first time in a bamboo species, Bambusa arundinacea belonging to the family Poaceae. The numbers of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 13. Cross species amplification was tested in 18 other bamboo species. Monomorphic simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were found to be cross amplified in most of the species tested and polymorphic ones in only three to four species. The utility of SSR loci in a genetic diversity study of B. arundinacea and other cross‐amplified bamboo species has been discussed. This study will help in population genetic studies in bamboo species.     

Cytogenetic Studies of Crosses between Lolium multiflorum Lam. and Festuca arundinacea Schreb. III. The Generations C1, C2 and C3

Meiotic observations of 56-chromosome plants of the C₁, C₂ and C₃ generations of the amphidiploid Lolium multiflorum × Festuca arundinacea showed that most of the chromosomes paired as bivalents. However, uni- and multivalents were frequently observed. No difference in meiotic regularity and stability could be detected between the different generations. The average chromosome number and; the percentage of 56-chromosome plants decreased with increasing generations. The direct use of the 56-chromosome amphidiploids of L. multiflorum and F. arundinacea in a breeding programme appears to be quite difficult, but these plants can be used in a backcross programme with Lolium and Festuca.     

Factors influencing tissue culture responses of mature seeds and immature embryos in turf-type tall fescue

In an effort to optimize tissue culture responses of turf‐type tall fescue for genetic transformation, the effects of five culture medium supplements on tissue culture responses were investigated with immature embryos and mature seeds of an elite cultivar, ‘Coronado’, as explant tissues. For both explants, calli induced on 6‐benzylaminopurine (BAP)‐containing medium had significantly improved regeneration ability. The optimal concentration of BAP for the induction of regenerable callus from mature seeds was 0.1 mg/l. Thidiazuron also improved callus regeneration frequency of mature seeds. Casein hydrolysate, L‐proline and myo‐inositol improved callus induction of immature embryos but not mature seeds. They did not improve callus regeneration frequencies with either explant tissue. By simply slicing the mature seeds into two halves longitudinally, the callus induction frequencies, as well as the corresponding overall plant regeneration frequencies, were increased approximately three‐ to six‐fold in all three combinations of 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and BAP in callus induction media.     

Continuous Plant Regeneration from Established Embryogenic Cell Suspension Cultures of Italian Ryegrass and Tall Fescue

The suitability of different protocols was compared for entire plant regeneration by somatic embryogenesis, of the forage plants Lolium multiflorum Lam. (Italian ryegrass) and Festuca arundinacea Schreb. (tall fescue). In the first protocol, miniature embryos were used as starting material, while mature seeds were retained in the other two. Whichever the considered protocol, undifferentiated calli were produced on Murashige and Skoog MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D. The calli were subcultured in the dark on solid MS agar medium, containing 5 mg/1 2,4-D (protocol 2) or on solid MS medium followed by transfer to a rotated liquid MS medium with 2 mg/1 2,4-D (protocol 1). In these conditions, induction of somatic embryogenesis occurred, and whole plants were regenerated during a limited lapse of time, upon transfer in the light, to MS medium supplemented with BAP but devoid of 2,4-D. The simultaneous elimination of 2,4-D and transfer to light appeared essential for full regeneration of the plants. Using this characteristic, an additional step was added to a new protocol (protocol 3) in which microcalli, cultured on liquid MS medium containing 5 mg/1 2,4-D, were transferred to the same medium with 2 mg/1 2,4-D, in the dark. In these conditions, the suspensions kept their embryogenic potential for months. In all cases, plantlets were successfully transferred into the soil. An evaluation of the somaclonal variation potential of the plants issued from each protocol is now underway.     

不同稻秸基质处理对高羊茅无土草皮成坪天数及坪用价值的影响

 运用五因素二次正交旋转组合设计法,研究不同处理稻秸基质（处理Ⅰ：稻秸＋ 猪粪便＋ 秸秆腐熟剂;处理Ⅱ：稻秸＋猪粪便;处理Ⅲ：稻秸＋ 尿素＋ 秸秆腐熟剂;处理Ⅳ：稻秸＋ 尿素）和不同基质厚度（１０,１５,２０,２５ 和３０ｍｍ）对草皮成坪天数的影响。结果表明,对成坪天数影响最大的是处理Ⅰ基质,其次是基质厚度,再者是处理Ⅲ基质,其他２种基质对成坪天数的影响最小。在坪用价值为限定条件下,得出最优基质组合,其配比为处理Ⅰ 为６００ｇ,处理Ⅱ为６００ｇ,处理Ⅲ 为０ｇ,处理Ⅳ 为６００ｇ,基质厚度为２０ ｍｍ,成坪时间为３６．３３ｄ,坪用价值权重值为１０８．６１。     

2种硅酸盐细菌对PEG模拟水分胁迫下高羊茅种子萌发的影响

高羊茅是一种应用范围较广的冷季型草坪草。以高羊茅种子为材料,检测了聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)模拟水分胁迫条件下,2种硅酸盐细菌对高羊茅种子萌发的影响。结果表明,PEG胁迫呈剂量效应地抑制高羊茅种子萌发,随着PEG浓度的增加,高羊茅的发芽率和发芽势显著下降。在15%PEG水分胁迫条件下,不同浓度硅酸盐细菌(胶质芽孢杆菌VKPM7519和土壤芽孢杆菌VKPM7517)浸种可提高高羊茅的萌发率,菌液浓度为105CFUml-1时效果最佳,其中VKPM7517在105CFUml-1浓度时的发芽率和发芽势均达到最大值,且差异显著,VKPM7519在105CFUml-1浓度时可提高高羊茅的平均发芽速度。可见,硅酸盐细菌浸种能促进水分胁迫条件下高羊茅种子的萌发,尤其土壤芽孢杆菌的效果最强,表现一定的抗旱潜能。