哺乳动物妊娠期钙代谢的研究进展

哺乳动物体内的钙代谢通常包括钙平衡和钙稳态。钙平衡是指体内总钙含量保持相对恒定的状态,钙稳态则指细胞内外的钙离子浓度保持稳定。肾脏、肠道、骨骼及雌性动物乳腺是动物体钙代谢的主要器官,其中存在着许多精细而复杂的调控网络。妊娠期钙代谢紊乱会严重影响母畜及胎儿的营养健康,维持体内钙代谢稳态对围产期哺乳动物尤为重要。本文综合近年来国内外妊娠期哺乳动物钙代谢相关研究,从不同组织器官钙代谢情况及钙代谢过程中重要的调节因子的调控作用进行综述,旨在为妊娠期哺乳动物钙代谢调控相关研究提供思路。     

Factors Affecting Recipients' Pregnancy,Pregnancy Loss,and Foaling Rates in a Commercial Equine Embryo Transfer Program

During 11 breeding seasons, 351 7- to 10-day-old horse embryos were nonsurgically transferred into recipients that ovulated between 3 and 10 days earlier. Pregnancy rates at 14 and 40 days and foaling rates were 77.8% (273/351), 69.2% (243/351), and 64.4% (226/351), respectively. Pregnancy loss between 14 and 40 days was 11% and between 40 days and delivery was 7%. The transfer of quality grade 3 to 4 embryos resulted in a significantly lower pregnancy rate at 14 days compared with the transfer of grade 1 to 2 embryos (46.2% vs. 79%; P < .05). Eight-day-old embryos resulted in significantly lower pregnancy losses than day 9 or 10 embryos, as occurred for embryos between 400 and 1200 μm compared with embryos <400 μm. Embryos recovered from mares >20 years resulted in a significantly higher pregnancy loss rate than those recovered from younger mares. The same happened for embryos coming from mares affected by reproductive pathologies compared with healthy mares performing sport activity. None of the evaluated parameters influenced recipients' foaling rate significantly.     

宫复康对不同胎次肉牛的妊娠和产犊的影响试验报告

[目的]为了解宫复康对不同胎次肉牛的繁殖障碍疾病的治疗效果。[方法]本试验以青链霉素治疗作为对照组,比较宫复康对不同胎次的肉牛用药后的妊娠,产犊等方面的疗效。[结果]表明,与对照组相比,宫复康对于不同胎次的肉牛的妊娠和产犊疗效显著（P〈0.05）,尤其是对于高胎次肉牛的妊娠疗效极其显著（P〈0.01）。[结论]经临床使...     

两种饲料补饲对妊娠后期青海半细毛羊羔羊初生重的影响

为了探讨牧户传统自配饲料与全价精料补饲对妊娠后期青海半细毛羊羔羊初生重的影响,选择体重、胎次、预产期基本相近的青海半细毛羊妊娠母羊60只,随机分成试验组和对照组,每组30只,在临近预产期42d开始进行补饲试验。结果表明,试验组羔羊平均初生重为3.41kg;对照组羔羊平均初生重为3.06kg;试验组羔羊比对照组羔羊高0.35kg,提高11.33%,差异显著(P<0.05)。     

哺乳牦牛同期发情/定时授精技术试验研究

本研究旨在对不同繁殖体况的母牦牛在补饲的基础上,分别从营养、隔离断奶、激素选择考察影响母牦牛繁殖率及同期发情处理效果。选用青海省环湖地区480头5～10岁繁殖体况不同的母牦牛,按照试验要求将母牦牛分成不同的试验组别,采用相同的同期发情处理方案,通过不同程度的补饲,补饲组与对照组的排卵率和妊娠率对比差异显著（P〈0.05...     

Peripheral white blood cell counts throughout pregnancy in non-aborting Neospora caninum-seronegative and seropositive high-producing dairy cows in a Holstein Friesian herd

Pregnancy is characterized by transient changes in the maternal immune system, also evident at peripheral level. The present study analyzes the kinetics and possible factors affecting peripheral white blood cell populations throughout pregnancy in a herd of high-producing dairy cows chronically infected or not with Neospora caninum. We examined 54 pregnant parous cows: 29 Neospora-seronegative and 25 Neospora-seropositive cows. Blood samples were collected on Days 90, 120, 150, 180 and 210 of gestation. General Linear Model (GLM) repeated measures analysis of variance showed that the interaction Neospora-seropositivity × parity significantly affected total leukocyte, neutrophil and monocyte counts with lower levels of total leukocytes, lower neutrophil and higher monocyte counts recorded in primiparous Neospora-seropositive cows. In addition, N. caninum-seropositive cows had significantly increased monocyte counts on Day 180 of gestation compared to seronegative ones. Other factors significantly associated with changes in total and/or differential leukocyte profiles were period of pregnancy, season, twin pregnancy and milk production. In conclusion, a parity-associated effect of chronic N. caninum infection was observed on peripheral blood cell profiles in dairy cattle during gestation.     

不同饲养管理条件下黄牛的同期发情试验

[目的]为了便于集中配种或胚胎移植。[方法]采取了三种方法：一次PG改进法、CI-DR＋PMSG＋PG＋LHRH-A3法、PMSG＋PG＋LHRH-A3法处理三种不同饲养管理条件下的黄牛,诱导同期发情。[结果]表明四次处理的同期发情率分别为100%、100%、98.8%、82.4%,人工授精或胚胎移植受胎率分别为27.3%、80%、76.5%、59.2%。[结论]从经济角度表明一次PG改进法、PMSG＋PG＋LHRH-A3法是比较切合实际,也比较理想的同期发情方法,效果也比较理想。     

转基因奶牛胚胎移植技术的试验研究

2006年6月至2010年3月以来,北京奶牛中心与中国农业大学合作,在北京奶牛中心良种场开展了转基因牛胚胎移植试验研究。本试验利用中国农业大学培育的转基因母牛作为供体,进行超数排卵生产体内胚胎,将获得的胚胎移植给15～15.5月龄荷斯坦母牛受体。截止2010年3月21日,累计移植转基因奶牛胚胎87枚,移植受体牛87头,妊娠48头,移植妊娠率为55.17%;产犊43头,成活34头,犊牛成活率为79%;经中国农业大学研究人员检测,有14头公牛携带转入目的基因,这14头公牛已全部进入北京市种公牛站饲养。目前,有10头公牛到了试采精月龄,精液经农业部牛冷冻精液质量监督检验测试中心(北京)检测,质量符合国家标准。     

B型超声显像技术在实验猕猴繁殖中的应用

采用MEDISON SA-600型超声实时显像仪,以妊娠囊作为主要的判断依据,对658只配种实验猕猴进行早期妊娠诊断的探索。结果表明:妊娠15d诊断准确率为95.5%,20d诊断准确率为100%。同时对猕猴妊娠各期B超影像的特征及猕猴检测的操作特点进行论述。