森林经营方案实施效益计算机评价系统的研制与应用

本文论述“国营林场、采育场森林经营方案实施效益评价系统”的计算机程序设计思想以及程序实现的方法,介绍福建省来舟林业试验场及其森林经营方案概况,把各种量化的数据输入计算机,对该场森林经营方案实施效益进行了评价,并讨论分析了计算机输出的评价结果。     

妊娠早期蒙古绵羊子宫内膜enJSRV及IFN-τ基因表达水平的分析

本研究旨在检测内源性绵羊肺腺瘤反转录病毒(enJSRV)与干扰素-τ(IFN-τ)在妊娠早期蒙古绵羊子宫内膜组织的表达以及enJSRV的表达与外周血孕酮水平变化的关系。运用TaqMan实时荧光定量PCR技术和电化学发光法对enJSRV和IFN-τ在妊娠早期蒙古绵羊子宫内膜组织相对表达及孕酮水平进行了测定。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,enJSRV和IFN-τmRNA在妊娠早期绵羊子宫内膜组织有不同程度的表达。SAS统计学软件分析得出,子宫内膜组织中enJSRV mRNA在妊娠12～14d(交配日为0d)表达较高,2～10、16～30d的表达均低于前者。IFN-τmRNA仅在妊娠12～25d表达,14d达其峰值,30d就不能检出,且差异都极显著(P<0.01)。电化学发光法结果显示,孕酮水平在妊娠2d为0.4ng·mL-1,以后升高,妊娠8～16d维持在8.3ng·mL-1左右,在妊娠19～30d孕酮水平有所下降,30d为2.5ng·mL-1。以上结果提示,子宫内膜组织中enJSRV mRNA的表达与外周血孕酮含量及IFN-τ的变化高度相关,且enJSRV在胎盘的形态发生及生殖生物学方面发挥重要作用。     

RIG-Ⅰ样受体信号传导通路与调控机制研究进展

视黄酸诱导基因Ⅰ(RIG-Ⅰ)为RLRs受体家族的成员,是比较关键的细胞质内病原体识别受体,可识别细胞内的单链、双链等RNA病毒成分,被激活的RIG-Ⅰ受体及其CARD在TRIM25的作用下连接泛素链使其寡聚化,通过与线粒体抗病毒信号蛋白(MAVS)相互作用,激活MAVS及下游转录因子IRF3和NF-κB,从而诱导Ⅰ型干扰素和炎性因子的表达,最终介导宿主的抗病毒免疫应答。鉴于RIG-Ⅰ持续激活可导致炎性因子对自身细胞的损伤,因此RIG-Ⅰ样受体信号通路受到宿主严格的调控。而某些病毒为逃避宿主细胞的免疫应答,进化出多种机制靶向调节RIG-Ⅰ及MAVS,从而阻断信号通路。论文从RIG-Ⅰ识别病毒机制、激活下游信号传导、宿主细胞对信号传导途径的调控以及病毒逃避机制等方面重点阐述RIG-Ⅰ所介导的天然免疫反应。     

Effect of quinoa flour on gluten-free bread batter rheology and bread quality

A new gluten-free bread formulations composed of quinoa, buckwheat, rice flour and potato starch were developed in the present study. Rheological characteristics of the bread batter with increasing amount of quinoa were determined; storage (G′) and loss modulus (G″) values were also measured for investigation of viscoelastic properties. To evaluate the quality of breads; technological and physical (bake loss %, specific volume, texture, microstructure, color), chemical (protein, moisture, ash) and sensory properties were determined. All batter formulations independent of the quinoa amount exhibited pseudoplastic behavior, and G′ values were found to be higher than G″ values in expressing the solid like characteristics of the batter. Amount of quinoa flour addition did not present significant difference on bake loss%, specific volume and protein content (p>0.05); however, 25% quinoa flour bread displayed better results with its higher sensory scores and softer texture. Quinoa and buckwheat flour mixture therefore will be a good alternative for conventional gluten-free bread formulations.     

教育美育化刍议

传统教育由于存在种种弊端已远不适应现代化发展的要求,时代需要的是德、智、体。美全面发展的人,是富于想象力和创新精神的人,美育的特质恰恰与这一需要相吻合。因此,教育改革意味着实现教育现代化,必须伴随教育美育化。     

云南酸甜石榴园Malaise网诱捕昆虫群落及其季节性动态*

 2007～2008年,以云南省建水县酸石榴园为基地,采用Malaise网诱捕器对园内昆虫群落结构进行了调查,根据节肢动物群落中物种的营养和取食关系将总群落划分为天敌亚群落、害虫亚群落、中性昆虫亚群落,利用群落多样性指标对石榴不同生育期昆虫群落结构及其动态进行了分析比较。结果表明,从2007年5月～2008年9月,共诱捕获得昆虫纲12目75科375种1708头。物种丰富度、多样性指数和均匀度分别为5025,508,086。其中寄生性天敌有79种300头,捕食性天敌有46种162头,害虫有193种959头,中性昆虫有57种287头。害虫亚群落、天敌亚群落和中性昆虫亚群落物种丰富度分别为2796,2021,989,多样性指数分别为423,436,326。天敌昆虫群落与害虫群落及中性昆虫群落相对多度呈互补关系     

常温泡沫箱加冰运输条件下荔枝的温度、品质、呼吸和乙烯释放变化

常温泡沫箱加冰密封技术已经广泛应用于荔枝的国内运输。以淮枝为材料，探讨加冰与预冷处理对果实温度、品质以及某些生理指标的影响。结果表明：29～31℃室温下72　h后，对照与5℃预冷处理的果实温度相近，达33℃，高于室温。加冰处理使果实温度先下降，至最低点后回升。加冰量达50％时，果实最低温度降至6℃，72　h后回升至27℃，低于室温。对不同加冰比例的荔枝可溶性固形物含量、好果率、果实失重、酶活性以及箱内乙烯、二氧化碳等气体成分动态进行了比较研究。     

苹果梨花芽孕育期生长锥细胞超微结构的观察

利用透射电镜对苹果梨花芽孕育期芽内生长锥细胞进行了观察，结果显示，在花芽孕育形成的过程中，生长锥细胞的超微结构发生了一系列变化：蛋白体和脂类小滴逐渐增加；核外膜向外延伸到胞质中与内质网相连，其上分布的核糖体增多；线粒体和内质网数目丰富且分布均匀；核糖体大量游散在胞质中；质体呈浅裂，中央缢缩；微管分布于靠近质膜处等。以上超微结构的变化表现出细胞旺盛分裂和分化的特点，反映了花芽孕育过程中的细胞学特征。     

Simulation of transpiration, drainage, N uptake, nitrate leaching, and N uptake concentration in tomato grown in open substrate

Free-drainage or “open” substrate system used for vegetable production in greenhouses is associated with appreciable NO₃⁻ leaching losses and drainage volumes. Simulation models of crop N uptake, N leaching, water use and drainage of crops in these systems will be useful for crop and water resource management, and environmental assessment. This work (i) modified the TOMGRO model to simulate N uptake for tomato grown in greenhouses in SE Spain, (ii) modified the PrHo model to simulate transpiration of tomato grown in substrate and (iii) developed an aggregated model combining TOMGRO and PrHo to calculate N uptake concentrations and drainage NO₃⁻ concentration. The component models simulate NO₃⁻-N leached by subtracting simulated N uptake from measured applied N, and drainage by subtracting simulated transpiration from measured irrigation. Three tomato crops grown sequentially in free-draining rock wool in a plastic greenhouse were used for calibration and validation. Measured daily transpiration was determined by the water balance method from daily measurements of irrigation and drainage. Measured N uptake was determined by N balance, using data of volumes and of concentrations of NO₃⁻ and NH₄⁺ in applied nutrient solution and drainage. Accuracy of the two modified component models and aggregated model was assessed by comparing simulated to measured values using linear regression analysis, comparison of slope and intercept values of regression equations, and root mean squared error (RMSE) values. For the three crops, the modified TOMGRO provided accurate simulations of cumulative crop N uptake, (RMSE = 6.4, 1.9 and 2.6% of total N uptake) and NO₃⁻-N leached (RMSE = 11.0, 10.3, and 6.1% of total NO₃⁻-N leached). The modified PrHo provided accurate simulation of cumulative transpiration (RMSE = 4.3, 1.7 and 2.4% of total transpiration) and cumulative drainage (RMSE = 13.8, 6.9, 7.4% of total drainage). For the four cumulative parameters, slopes and intercepts of the linear regressions were mostly not statistically significant (P < 0.05) from one and zero, respectively, and coefficient of determination (r²) values were 0.96-0.98. Simulated values of total drainage volumes for the three crops were +21, +1 and −13% of measured total drainage volumes. The aggregated TOMGRO-PrHo model generally provided accurate simulation of crop N uptake concentration after 30-40 days of transplanting, with an average RMSE of approximately 2 mmol L⁻¹. Simulated values of average NO₃⁻ concentration in drainage, obtained with the aggregated model, were −7, +18 and +31% of measured values.     

果树自交不亲和性的遗传与生理机制及其研究

在简要介绍植物（包括果树）自交不亲和性与生理控制机制的基础上,着重对梨、苹果、杏等果树自交不亲和性的研究进行了综述,内容包括花柱内花粉管生长特点、花柱S糖蛋白的特性与作用机理以及果树自交不亲和的分子生物学研究,并提出了该领域有待研究的问题。