1.2%苦·烟乳油防治青海云杉梢斑螟的药效试验

应用1.2%苦.烟乳油与0号柴油混合进行喷烟防治青海云杉梢斑螟幼虫,结果表明1.2%苦.烟乳油与0号柴油的配比在1：9以上,用药量13.3ml hm-2以上进行喷烟防治,梢斑螟的虫口减退率可达85%以上,最高可达90%。     

A recombinant-based ELISA evaluating the efficacy of netobimin and albendazole in ruminants with naturally acquired fascioliasis

The therapeutic efficacy of albendazole and netobimin in ruminants with naturally occurring fascioliasis was investigated using a recombinant-based ELISA. The variation in the IgG response against a 2.9-kDa recombinant protein (FhrAPS), termed efficacy index (EI) 1, and the egg-output changes, termed EI 2, were used to evaluate drug efficacy.The values of EI 1 ranged between 0% and 50% in sheep, and between 0% and 30% in cattle after treatment with albendazole and netobimin. Similar EI 2 values were observed in sheep receiving albendazole or netobimin, but the highest values were found in cattle treated with netobimin. The significant reduction in the IgG response to FhrAPS found in this study shows promise in terms of developing alternative methods for evaluating the efficacy of chemotherapy against Fasciola hepatica in grazing ruminants.     

2.5%保得乳油对小麦蚜虫控制作用的研究

对不同剂量的2.5%保得乳油防治麦蚜的效果进行了评价。结果表明,2.5%保得乳油施用有效成分为7.50、6.25g/hm2时,其防效均极显著优于对照药剂处理的防效,持效期达7d以上,对小麦生长安全无害。     

生物农药防治芳香木蠹蛾药效试验

研究生物农药防治以山茱萸为寄主的芳香木蠹蛾。以苏云金杆菌2、5%溴氰菊酯乳油、50%的杀螟松乳油、1.8%阿维菌素乳油和5%抑太保为试验药剂,于2005~2006年采用5点取样法对芳香木蠹蛾进行药效试验。这5种杀虫剂对芳香木蠹蛾的防治效果都很好,药后7 d防治效果显著,均达90%以上,但所有药剂的速效性均不太理想,其中苏云金杆菌效果相对较好。生物农药不伤害天敌,更不会影响寄主的观赏价值和药用价值,在生产实践中均可选择使用。     

药剂混用防治多种小麦病虫害的初步研究

 本试验采用三因素五水平回归通用旋转组合设计，选择对小麦锈病、白粉病、粘虫和麦蚜具有特效的粉锈宁、灭幼脲和抗蚜威3种药剂，进行混用防治多种小麦病虫的研究。结果表明以上药剂混用喷施1次，对上述病虫有较好的防治效果，但无增效作用。通过单病虫防治模型和药剂混用与产量的关系模型分析,在125个混配组合中，有6个组合的防治效果和千粒重增加均较显著，其配比组合多为灭幼脲和抗蚜威中等以上剂量，粉锈宁为高剂量。     

High level of treatment failure with commonly used anthelmintics on Irish sheep farms

Background

In 2013 a Technology Adoption Program for sheep farmers was established to encourage the implementation of best management practices on sheep farms in Ireland. There were 4,500 participants in this programme in 2013. As part of this programme, farmers had the option to carry out a drench test to establish the efficacy of their anthelmintic treatment.

Results

Flock faecal samples were collected before and after treatment administration and gastrointestinal nematode eggs enumerated. In total there were 1,893 participants in the task, however only 1,585 included both a pre- and post-treatment faecal sample. Of those, 1,308 provided information on the anthelmintic product that they used with 46%, 23% and 28% using a benzimidazole (BZ), levamisole (LEV) and macrocyclic lactone (ML) product respectively. The remaining farmers used a product inapplicable for inclusion in the task such as a flukicide or BZ/LEV combination product. Samples were included for analysis of drench efficacy if the pre-treatment flock egg count was ≥200 eggs per gram and the interval post-sampling was 10–14 days for BZ products, 4–7 days for LEV products and 14–18 days for ML products. These criteria reduced the number of valid tests to 369, 19.5% of all tests conducted. If the reduction post-treatment was ≥95% the treatment was considered effective. Only 51% of treatments were considered effective using this criterion. There was a significant difference in efficacy between the anthelmintic drug classes with BZ effective in only 30% of treatments, LEV effective in 52% of cases and ML effective in 76% of cases.

Conclusions

Gastrointestinal nematode anthelmintic treatments, as practiced on Irish farms, have a high failure rate. There was a significant difference between the efficacies of the anthelmintic classes with BZ the least effective and ML the most effective.     

迈士通防除草地黄帚橐吾的研究

应用迈士通除草剂对草地黄帚橐吾Ligularia virgaurea进行了防除试验,结果表明,迈士通有效量500ml/hm2对草地黄帚橐吾的防除效果明显高于375ml/hm2和437.50ml/hm2两个剂量,安全性较好。从安全、高效的角度考虑,最适宜的用量为500ml/hm2。因此,可以作为防除黄帚橐吾的有效药剂推广使用。     

The efficacy of a single intraperitoneal injection of either flumequine or oxytetracycline hydrochloride in prevention of outbreaks of atypical Aeromonas salmonicida infection in goldsinny wrasse, Ctenolabrus rupestris L., following stress.

In this investigation, the efficacy of a single intraperitonealinjection of either flumequine or oxytetracycline hydrochloride to preventoutbreak of atypical Aeromonas salmonicida infection ingoldsinny wrasse, Ctenolabrus rupestris, following stresswas studied. Six groups of goldsinny wrasse, each of 50 individuals, weretreated with an intraperitoneal injection of either propylene glycol : saline(50 : 50), 200 mg kg^–1 of oxytetracycline or 50mg kg^–1 of flumequine dissolved in propyleneglycol : saline (50 : 50). Three days following medication the fish in allgroups were stressed by an intraperitoneal injection of prednisolone acetate(0.05 ml) and a rise in seawater temperature from 9 to 11°C. Mortality was observed daily for 21 days. Flumequine wasthe more effective with a mean cumulative mortality of 5% compared tooxytetracycline with 54%. The mean cumulative mortality in the unmedicatedcontrol groups was 84%. Bacterial examination of kidneys from dead fishconfirmed the presence of atypical A. salmonicida as theprobable cause of death. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values forflumequine and oxytetracycline against the isolated A.salmonicida were determined to 0.13 gml^–1, and 2.0 g ml^–1,respectively.     

2种杀菌剂对黄瓜霜霉病田间药效评价

[目的]明确2种药剂对黄瓜霜霉病的防治效果.[方法]采用200 g/L NC-224悬乳剂和70％丙森锌（安泰生）可湿性粉剂进行田间防治黄瓜霜霉病药效试验.[结果]200 g/L NC-224悬乳剂有效成分用量100 g/hm2和70％丙森锌（安泰生）可湿性粉剂有效成分用量2 100 g/hm2对黄瓜霜霉病的防效达到75％以上,且对黄瓜安全.[结论]200g/L NC-224悬乳剂和70％丙森锌（安泰生）可湿性粉剂可作为防治黄瓜霜霉病的药剂推广应用.     

25％氰烯菌酯悬浮剂防治水稻恶苗病的田间药效

[目的]明确新型杀菌剂25%氰烯菌酯悬浮剂对水稻恶苗病的防治效果,为黑龙江省水稻生产中有效防治恶苗病提供参考。[方法]采用田间药效试验方法,评价25%氰烯菌酯悬浮剂对水稻的安全性及对恶苗病的防治效果。[结果]25%氰烯菌酯悬浮剂0.25ml/kg种子或25%氰烯菌酯悬浮剂0.15 ml/kg种子与种衣剂混用对水稻安全且对水稻恶苗病防治效果较好,明显好于对照药剂咪鲜胺和单独使用种衣剂。[结论]建议在黑龙江省水稻生产中推广应用25%氰烯菌酯悬浮剂。