西瓜中类胡萝卜素的高效液相色谱法分析

通过高效液相色谱法对西瓜中的类胡萝卜素进行分析,采用Vydac201TP54C18色谱柱,比较2种不同流动相的检测结果,表明乙腈:甲醇:二氯甲烷=75:20:5(V:V:V)的分离效果较好;初步定性分析确定西瓜中含有7种以上类胡萝卜素。     

柑橘类果实汁胞的红色现象及其呈色色素

柑橘类果实中不乏汁胞为红色类型者,如红肉葡萄柚(Citrus paradisii Macf.)的粉红色是番茄红素所致,血橙(C.sinensis L.)的血红色来源于花青素,此外,还有红色的红江橙(C.sinensis L.)、橙红色的元红(C.reticulata Blan-co)和紫红色的五布红心柚(C.grandis L.)等,它们因色泽鲜艳而具备特殊的市场潜力,但呈色色素尚未见报道。在符合审美观的同时,红色汁胞品种还具有特殊的营养价值,如类黄酮、类胡萝卜素等色素富集可软化血管、抗癌、抗氧化及消除体内自由基等。综合有关文献,首次将国内外主要红色汁胞柑橘品种依宽皮柑橘、甜橙、柚、葡萄柚及杂柑等分类进行综述,分析可能的呈色色素,阐明导致红色性状产生的两类色素—花青素、类胡萝卜素生物合成途径     

Maize kernel color depends on the interaction between hardness and carotenoid concentration

Maize kernel color and carotenoid concentration are traits valued by the food industry to ensure the quality of their products. Correlations between color and carotenoid concentration have been extensively reported. Based on the concept that chromaticity is modified differently by opaque and translucent materials, we tested the hypothesis that maize kernel color is not only the result of total carotenoid concentration but also a consequence of kernel hardness. Kernel hardness (test weight, vitreousness, and floaters percentage), carotenoid concentration, and color (HunterLab) were measured in thirteen commercial hybrids. Genotypes showed significant differences in all analyzed kernel hardness traits, carotenoid concentration (24.7–39.4 mg kg⁻¹), and HunterLab color dimensions. Kernel color values and kernel hardness were correlated. Genotype differences in b (yellowness) were observed in kernels with similar total carotenoid concentration but contrasting hardness. For a similar carotenoid concentration harder genotypes always showed lower b values. When whole kernels were milled and color was measured on the resulting flour, genotype differences in yellowness disappeared, further supporting that the kernel vitreous structure affects kernel color. Our results sustain the notion that the genotype capacity to form larger proportions of vitreous endosperm impacts color regardless of total carotenoid concentration.     

番茄红素研究概况

番茄红素是开链式的类胡萝卜素,具有清除活性氧自由基、促进细胞间隙连接通讯、防癌抗癌等多种生理功能。作为一种功能性天然色素,番茄红素被广泛地用于多种功能性食品。文章主要介绍了番茄红素的研究历史、理化性质及生理功能,对番茄红素的应用前景进行了展望。     

Pigmentation, carotenoids, lipid peroxides and lipid composition of skin of red porgy (Pagrus pagrus) fed diets supplemented with different astaxanthin sources

A feeding experiment was carried out to determine the efficiency of different commercial sources, chemical forms and levels, of dietary astaxanthin, to appropriately pigment the red porgy (Pagrus pagrus) skin. According to this, total carotenoid content, profiles and chemical forms present in the skin were determined. In order to establish the potential for antioxidant protecting role of astaxanthin supplemented diets, peroxide levels and lipid composition of skin were also determined.

Red porgy alevins were fed six dietary treatments in triplicate; a basal diet (B) without carotenoids; two diets (N25 and N50) formulated to supply either 25 or 50 mg kg^− 1 of an esterified source of astaxanthin (Haematococcus pluvialis, NatuRose™); two diets (CP25 and CP50) with either 25 or 50 mg kg^− 1 of unesterified astaxanthin (Carophyll® Pink); and a positive control diet (B + S) proved as a successful pigmenting-diet in previous experiences (B + S, 88% basal diet:12% frozen shrimp) [Cejas, J., Almansa, E., Tejera, N., Jerez, S., Bolaños, A., Lorenzo, A., 2003. Effect of dietary supplementation with shrimp on skin pigmentation and lipid composition of red porgy (P. pagrus) alevins. Aquaculture 218, 457–469].

All fish fed carotenoid supplemented diets displayed a pink-coloured skin after 4 months of feeding in contrast to the greyish appearance displayed by fish fed the basal diet not supplemented with carotenoids (B). Furthermore, astaxanthin diesters were the major carotenoid in the skin of pink fish. A second carotenoid, tentatively identified as tunaxanthin diester, was also detected. The best results in terms of skin natural reddish hue, total carotenoid and astaxanthin contents were found by using the esterified forms of dietary astaxanthin (N25, N50 and B + S). Interestingly, the lowest levels of lipid peroxides were found in the fish fed these three treatments. However, no effect of treatment on lipid composition was found. In conclusion, red porgy alevins are able to efficiently utilise dietary natural or synthetic astaxanthin, and deposit this pigment in its esterified form to acquire an acceptable pink-coloured skin compared to that of the wild fish.     

Regulatory mechanisms of rapeseed petal color formation: Current research status and future perspectives

Flower color, an important rapeseed character, has great practical value and research significance. It has become an area of intensive research in recent years. This paper summarizes the latest research progress on rape flower color in terms of variety, source, pigment composition, formation mechanism, and omics. Moreover, it provides an overview of rape flower color breeding and omics.     

红果番茄果实成熟过程中类胡萝卜素含量动态变化研究

[目的]为了考察番茄果实成熟过程中类胡萝卜素的动态变化情况,丰富果实成熟过程生理生化变化的基础理论。[方法]以红果番茄为试验材料,用HPLC内标法测定了果实成熟过程中番茄红素、β-胡萝卜素、叶黄素含量的动态变化。[结果]番茄红素在绿熟期检测不到,发白期开始出现,随后随着成熟进程,开始大量形成并积累,至红熟Ⅱ期,果实中含量达到最大值。β-胡萝卜素在绿熟期果实内有少量生成,其含量在发白期略有下降,在转色期回复上升,它们的含量都在红熟Ⅱ期达到最高。叶黄素变化规律与β-胡萝卜素相同。β-胡萝卜素含量不到番茄红素含量的1/5,叶黄素含量约为番茄红素含量的1/50。[结论]番茄果实成熟过程中,其番茄红素含量逐渐增加,β-胡萝卜素和叶黄素含量先下降后上升,三种类胡萝卜素在果实完全成熟时含量达到最高。     

不同成熟期枸杞中类胡萝卜素含量的变化规律

 【目的】研究枸杞类胡萝卜素的分析方法，测定枸杞5个不同成熟期类胡萝卜素含量，分析其变化规律。【方法】通过可见光吸收光谱特性分析了不同成熟期枸杞色素的主要成分，采用薄层色谱和高效液相色谱进行分离，并鉴定其成分及含量。【结果】薄层色谱法可以定性分析枸杞中色素，方法快捷、简便。高效液相色谱法可以在30 min内使枸杞样品中的叶绿素、类胡萝卜素及其酯类完全分离并定性、定量分析。试验结果表明，随枸杞成熟度的增加，玉米黄素双棕榈酸酯的含量逐渐增加；β-胡萝卜素的含量变化较小；玉米黄素从青果期至绿熟期的含量是逐渐减少的,从绿熟期至红熟期的含量基本不变。【结论】枸杞在成熟过程中总类胡萝卜素含量不断增加，且主要转化为玉米黄素双棕榈酸酯。     

Proline and light as quality enhancers of rocket (Eruca sativa Miller) grown under saline conditions

Stress conditions experienced during growth may affect plant responses during post-harvest storage and eventually determine the overall quality of commercial products. In this context, we hypothesized that foliar applications of proline during the growth cycle and light exposure during post-harvest storage could be two important modulators of yield and quality parameters of rocket plants exposed to NaCl stress. Dry matter percentage increased upon NaCl treatment. However, fresh weight loss during storage did not change over time as a consequence of salt stress. High salinity (100 mM NaCl) moderately reduced both leaf nitrate (14%) and nitrite (3%) contents. Lipophilic (LAC) and hydrophilic (HAC) antioxidant activities also decreased by 10% at the highest salinization (average of two growth cycles). In contrast, during storage, LAC decreased whereas HAC increased. Proline applications reduced the leaf nitrate content during storage by 16%, increased carotenoids and chlorophyll contents in salinized plants and also increased the ascorbate leaf concentration in both salinized and non-salinzed plants. Light storage enhanced fresh weight loss in contrast to dark storage. However the exposure to light reduced leaf nitrate levels by 7% (average of two growth cycles) and contributed to maintain high leaf ascorbate concentrations over time.     

类胡萝卜素与草坪草耐荫性的研究进展

综述了近年来国内外在类胡萝卜素与草坪草耐荫性研究的进展,阐述了类胡萝卜素的分子结构及分类、生理功能、遗传基因、提取的方法和目前国内外研究草坪草耐荫的进展,探讨了将类胡萝卜素中色素的比值作为一种新的指标的可行性,并对该领域存在的问题和今后的发展趋势作了分析,以期为草坪草耐荫性研究提供参考。