Low levels of Aflatoxin B1 could cause mortalities in juvenile hybrid sturgeon,Acipenser ruthenus ♂×A. baeri♀

Toxicity of aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) was investigated in juvenile hybrid sturgeon Acipenser ruthenus ♂ × A. baeri♀, an important coldwater finfish farmed in China and other countries. Seven experimental diets (Diet A–G) containing different levels of AFB₁ (0, 1, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 μg kg^?1 diet) were fed to juvenile sturgeon weighing 10.53 ± 0.17 g kg^?1 to determine its effect on survival, growth, feed consumption, hematocrit, liver histology as well as muscular and hepatic toxin accumulation. The experiment lasted for 35 days and was conducted in two periods of 25 and 10 days each. No external changes or unusual behaviour was observed in the fish fed diets with AFB₁. Mortality was observed in fish fed with highest levels of AFB₁ (80 μg kg^?1– Diet G) from day 12 onwards. After 25 days, fish fed the diet of 80 μg AFB₁ kg^?1 showed significant lower survival (50 ± 5.77%) followed by those fed 40 μg AFB₁ kg^?1 diet (80 ± 5.77%) and 20 μg AFB₁ kg^?1 diet (86.66 ± 3.33%). No significant difference was observed in specific growth rate (SGR) or hepatosomatic index (HSI) between groups. Hematocrit was significantly higher in the fish fed the diet of highest AFB₁. The fish were weighed at day 25 in some treatments (Diets F and G) because of high mortality. However, feeding was continued for another 10 days to observe mortality or behavioural changes if any in the other groups. After 35 days, survival in the fish fed Diet F (40 μg AFB₁ kg^?1) was 40% and those fed Diet E (20 μg AFB₁ kg^?1) was 36.2%. Significant histopathological changes including nuclear hypertrophy, hyperchromasia, extensive biliary hyperplasia, focal hepatocyte necrosis and presence of inflammatory cells were observed in the liver of fish fed high levels of aflatoxin (40 and 80 μg kg^?1). AFB₁ accumulation in fish muscle and liver increased with increased dietary AFB₁ levels. It could be confirmed that 10 μg AFB₁ kg^?1 diet was the maximum allowable level in hybrid sturgeon diet.     

小体鲟在静水池塘中生长观察

本试验利用西泉眼水库岸边静水池塘养殖开口进食已两周的小体鲟幼鱼,其体质量和体长分别为0.125±0.95g、2.98±1.72 cm;经过4周饲喂,其育成率达到70%以上;体长为6±2.98cm、体质量1.78±1.25g;体长、体质量增长分别为0.115cm/d、0.0595g/d.试验结果证实如配合采用调整养殖密度、配套养殖设施、清理天敌并在池塘周围建围栏、调节水质、越冬并搭配不同食性、不同水层的鱼种等措施,小体鲟是适于在北方静水池塘生长的.     

小体鲟卵黄雌性蛋白分离纯化及抗血清的研制

采用凝胶柱层析法,对小体鲟(Acipenser ruthenusLinnaeus)卵黄蛋白粗提液进行分离纯化。小体鲟卵黄蛋白粗提液的质量浓度为25.04 mg/mL,经Sephadex G-200层析后出现3个蛋白峰。用聚丙烯凝胶电泳、免疫印迹(Western-blotting)和免疫扩散等方法研究表明,小体鲟卵黄蛋白由分子量分别为132.1 kD、97.4 kD、85.9 kD、67.0 kD、59.2 kD、47.6 kD、30 kD、14.3 kD和12.8 kD的9个亚基组成;层析后峰B蛋白为卵黄雌性特异蛋白(yolk female specific protein,YFSP),是一种糖脂磷蛋白,具有雌性特异性和组织特异性,抗体具有种属特异性。Western-blotting结果表明,卵黄雌性特异蛋白(YFSP)与血清雌性蛋白(FSSP)免疫印迹图谱上都显示分子量为97.4 kD和30 kD的2条杂交带,可见两种蛋白在免疫原性上具有相似性,可以用卵黄雌性蛋白抗血清代替卵黄蛋白原抗血清对卵黄蛋白原进行检测     

Retracted: Gonad histology and serum 11‐KT profile during the annual reproductive cycle in sterlet sturgeon adult males,Acipenser ruthenus

The aim of this study was to assess monthly testicular development in the cultured breeding stock of sterlet, Acipenser ruthenus, using histological and serum sex steroid changes. Testicular development in the adult male was examined monthly and showed four distinct phases including resting, pre‐spawning, spawning and post‐spawning. Also, seasonal changes of the testes were described according to its variations in gonadosomatic index (GSI) during different phases of testicular development. Using histology, we identified continuous spermatogenesis and asynchronous gonad development pattern in the testes of male sterlet, which shows that regulation of annual gonadal cycle is influenced by season. Results also showed variation in the GSI value and number of spermatogenic cells according to each season during annual cycle of gonad, as the highest value of GSI was recorded during spawning phase (spring; March‐May). Hormonal profiles of 11‐ketotestosterone (11‐KT) showed peak, which indicated a seasonal pattern of gonadal development. The 11‐KT concentration increased considerably during the spermatogenesis (pre‐spawning phase) and remained quite high throughout the pre‐spermiation period. In the final phase of testicular development (spawning phase), the 11‐KT markedly dropped. This study undertook an examination of complete reproductive development in cultured sterlet sturgeon to provide a valuable guide for the future sterlet studies, and allows comparison of reproductive development between sturgeon species.     

诺氟沙星对两种鲟体内SOD活力影响的比较研究

将诺氟沙星按照0、20、40、60、80和100 mg/kg浓度,对小体鲟及史氏鲟连续口服给药5 d,停药2 d后对其血浆及肝脏组织中过氧化物岐化酶(SOD)活力进行测定,以期掌握不同诺氟沙星给药浓度下,两种鲟两种组织中SOD活力变化趋势,并探讨评价该药在鲟养殖过程中使用的最适剂量,以及对鱼类肝脏的损伤情况。试验结果表明,两种鲟两种组织内均含有一定量的SOD酶,且在对照组及所有给药组肝脏中酶活力均高于血浆中。不同给药浓度下,两种鲟两种组织中SOD活力变化均呈现规律的先受诱导升高,而后被抑制降低的变化趋势,且在40 mg/kg给药浓度组达到最大值。血浆中SOD活力受给药浓度影响较小,起伏较平稳,在40 mg/kg给药浓度组史氏鲟血浆中SOD值高于小体鲟,而其他组别均为小体鲟较高。而肝脏中SOD活力变化较剧烈,且在对照组、诱导最高SOD活力的40 mg/kg给药浓度组和最高给药浓度组,小体鲟均高于史氏鲟,且小体鲟肝脏中SOD在40 mg/kg给药浓度组活力值极高,形成一个尖锐的峰值。结果表明,诺氟沙星对两种鲟给药浓度为30~50 mg/kg时,既能使药效最好而又不会对肝脏产生明显的损伤。     

人工养殖施氏鲟和小体鲟精浆微量元素分析

采用原子吸收分光光度法测定了施氏鲟(Acipenserschrenckii)和小体鲟(Acipenserruthenus)的精浆中7种微量元素(K、Na、Mg、Zn、Cu、Fe、Mn)的含量。施氏鲟分别取自宜昌和荆州,小体鲟取自宜昌。分析结果显示,不同种类和产地的鲟精浆中微量元素含量有差异,其中2条不同产地施氏鲟精浆Zn含量有显著性差异(P<0.05);施氏鲟和小体鲟精浆Na、K含量与我国主要淡水养殖鱼类有很大差异,在2种鲟精浆中Na与K浓度之比为10～14。     

小体鲟雌性亲鱼性腺不同发育时期消化酶分布及其活性的研究

采用酶学方法测定了不同性腺发育时期(Ⅱ~Ⅴ期)小体鲟Acipenser ruthenus Linnaeus雌性亲鱼胃、肠道和幽门盲囊中蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶的活性,并分析了3种酶活性随性腺发育时期的变化规律。结果表明：小体鲟雌性亲鱼5种消化器官中的蛋白酶活性以性腺发育Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期较高,淀粉酶活性以性腺发育Ⅴ期较高,脂肪酶活性以性腺发育Ⅴ期、Ⅱ期较高,3种酶活性均以性腺发育Ⅳ期较低;各性腺发育期,雌性亲鱼的蛋白酶活性均以幽门盲囊、后肠中较高,其次为胃、中肠,淀粉酶活性以中肠中最高,其次为胃、幽门盲囊、前肠、后肠,脂肪酶活性均以幽门盲囊中最高,其次为中肠、前肠、胃、后肠。研究表明,小体鲟雌性亲鱼在性腺发育Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期对食物中蛋白质和碳水化合物需求较高,而性腺发育周期中对脂类物质的需求Ⅴ期最高,其次是Ⅱ期,总体来说,小体鲟亲鱼在整个性腺发育时期对脂肪的需求量较高。     

Studies on the semen biology and sperm cryopreservation in the sterlet, Acipenser ruthenus L.

The present study investigated motility, acrosome reaction, fertility and cryobiological parameters of the semen of the sterlet, Acipenser ruthenus L. Sperm motility persisted for about 4 min in water, and the main swimming type was the linear motion. Motility was prolonged at osmolalities of 12.5 mosmol kg^?1 and in the presence of magnesium ions, while calcium had no effect. Also a pH in the range of 7.0–9.0 had no effect on ` motility. At osmolalities of 25–50 mosmol kg^?1 the sperm motility was partly inhibited, at osmolalities of 100 mosmol kg^?1, completely and irreversibly. In 50 mosmol kg^?1 solutions with 2.5–5 mM L^?1 KCl the motility inhibition was total, but reversible. The acrosome reaction was not induced by one of the described solutions, but the percentage of spermatozoa with reacted acrosomes was low (<20%) and highly variable in all experiments. The optimal extender base for cryopreservation was a solution consisting of 50 mM L^?1 NaCl, 5 mM L^?1 KCl, 10 mM L^?1 Tris (pH 8.5). From the tested cryoprotectants only dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) and methanol provided sufficient cryoprotection. After freezing and thawing, the motility rates and swimming velocities were higher with DMSO than with methanol. However, the fertility was very significantly reduced with DMSO (10.3±0.5%) while with methanol fertilization rates in a similar range (32.7±4.4%) as with fresh semen (33.90±0.8%) could be obtained. Optimal freezing conditions for sterlet semen were in the vapour of liquid nitrogen 3–5 cm (?95°C to ?85°C) above its surface, the optimal thawing conditions at 25°C for 30 s. The acrosome reaction was not induced by these cryopreservation protocols.     

恩诺沙星对小体鲟和史氏鲟体内SOD活力影响的比较研究

在水温23℃、pH值6．5、溶氧10mg／L、氨氮含量小于0．1mg／L和亚硝酸盐含量小于0．001mg／L的条件下，将恩诺沙星按照0、20、40、60、80和100mg／kg浓度，连续口服给平均体重50．0±5．0g的小体鲟（Acipenser ruthenus Linnaeus）及史氏鲟（Acipenser sch...     

恩诺沙星对两种鲟细胞色素P450活性影响的比较研究

将恩诺沙星按照0、20、40、60、80和100mg/kg浓度,对小体鲟及史氏鲟口服给药5d,停药两天后对其肝脏组织中微粒体蛋白浓度及细胞色素P450（cytochrome P450,CYP P450）酶活性进行测定。实验结果表明：两种鲟体内均含有一定量的P450酶,且史氏鲟体内微粒体蛋白浓度5.029 mg/g及P450酶活性0.102 nmol/mg?min均高于小体鲟相应的4.833 mg/g和0.088 nmol/mg?min。而恩诺沙星对史氏鲟及小体鲟体内的细胞色素P450酶活性均有一定抑制作用,随着给药浓度从0mg/kg到100mg/kg的增加,两种鲟体内的酶活性均逐渐降低,且史氏鲟体内P450酶活性降低幅度明显大于小体鲟,至100mg/kg给药组,两者差值仅为0.003 nmol/mg?min。上述结果对于探讨恩诺沙星在两种鲟体内的药物代谢及其与细胞色素P450酶之间相互作用的机制提供一定的理论依据。