虾源哈维氏弧菌的致病性与生物学特性比较分析

哈维氏弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)是导致养殖对虾暴发弧菌病的重要病原之一。从我国南方养殖凡纳滨对虾(Penaeus vannamei)分离、鉴定了10株哈维氏弧菌(Vh00947、Vh00949、Vh11011、Vh11014、Vh21217、Vh21218、Vh21220、Vh21229、Vh21231和Vh31487),分别肌注感染健康凡纳滨对虾后发现,菌株Vh21229致病性很弱,Vh00949其次,其它菌株毒力较强;对8种哈维氏弧菌常见毒力基因(Vh1、Vh2、Vh3、Vh4、tox S、hcp、zot和pap6)的检测显示,南方虾源哈维氏弧菌无论强弱毒株都很少携带zot、pap6、toxs和4种Vh基因(≤10%),表明这10个菌株的致病性与这7种常见毒力因子的相关度很低;hcp基因在所有菌株中均有检出,其中强毒株中检出率较高(50%),在较弱毒株(Vh00949)中也存在,表明hcp基因与这些菌株的致病性密切相关,但不是决定性因子。因此,这10株南方虾源哈维氏弧菌菌株的致病性差异应由这8种常见毒力因子以外的未知或未检测到的因子所决定。生化特征分析显示,所有菌株中只有弱毒株Vh21229不能利用D-甘露糖、蔗糖、D-海藻糖,而且只有其赖氨酸脱羧酶反应至阳性,而其它菌株均为阴性,推测导致哈维氏弧菌菌株生化特性改变的某种因子可能对菌株的致病性也产生了影响。药敏实验表明,10株哈维氏弧菌均对环丙沙星、氯霉素、恩诺沙星、美罗培南、头孢曲松、多西环素、头孢吡肟、诺氟沙星敏感,而对氨苄西林耐受性强,表明在虾类养殖过程中应当严格规范和控制抗菌药物尤其是青霉素类药物的使用。     

3种抗生素对3种常见鱼类病原菌的抑菌活性研究

为研究盐酸恩诺沙星、乳酸恩诺沙星和乳酸诺氟沙星对嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)、鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)和哈维氏弧菌(Vibrioharveyi)的体外抑菌活性,本实验通过测定抑菌圈直径、最小抑菌浓度(MIC)、最小杀菌浓度(MBC)和杀菌曲线,研究3种常用喹诺酮类抗生素药物对3种水产病原菌的体外药效学特性.结果表明:乳酸诺氟沙星对嗜水气单胞菌和哈维氏弧菌抑菌效果最好,MIC分别为0.244μg/mL和1.954μg/mL:盐酸恩诺沙星对鳗弧菌抑菌效果最好,MIC为0.122μg/mL;8 MIC的乳酸诺氟沙星药液在12 h内完全杀灭嗜水气单胞菌,在24 h内也能全部杀灭哈维氏弧菌,8 MIC的盐酸恩诺沙星药液在24 h内全部杀灭鳗弧菌.本研究为3种抗生素在水产养殖中的应用提供实验依据.     

基于toxR基因病原哈氏弧菌PCR检测方法的建立

基于toxR基因序列设计检测哈氏弧菌的1对特异性引物,通过PCR反应条件优化、PCR反应特异性及敏感性检测,建立一种哈氏弧菌的特异性分子检测方法.试验结果表明,该引物可使哈氏弧菌扩增出大小为390 bp的toxR基因片段,3种水产动物病原弧菌未扩增出任何条带,敏感性检测结果为该PCR反应最低能检测出0.375 ng/μ...     

Penaeus monodon larvae can be protected from Vibrio harveyi infection by pre‐emptive treatment of a rearing system with antagonistic or non‐antagonistic bacterial probiotics

This study shows that the disease resistance and survival rate of Penaeus monodon in a larval rearing systems can be enhanced by supplementing with antagonistic or non‐antagonistic probiotics. The antagonistic mode of action of Pseudomonas MCCB 102 and MCCB 103 against vibrios was demonstrated in larval mesocosm with cultures having sufficient concentration of antagonistic compounds in their culture supernatant. Investigations on the antagonistic properties of Bacillus MCCB 101, Pseudomonas MCCB 102 and MCCB 103 and Arthrobacter MCCB 104 against Vibrio harveyi MCCB 111 under in vitro conditions revealed that Pseudomonas MCCB 102 and MCCB 103 were inhibitory to the pathogen. These inhibitory properties were further confirmed in the larval rearing systems of P. monodon. All these four probionts significantly improved larval survival in long‐term treatments as well as when challenged with a pathogenic strain of V. harveyi MCCB 111. We could demonstrate that Pseudomonas MCCB 102 and MCCB 103 accorded disease resistance and a higher survival rate in P. monodon larval rearing systems through active antagonism of vibrios, whereas Bacillus MCCB 101 and Arthrobacter MCCB 104 functioned as probiotics through immunostimulatory and digestive enzyme‐supporting modes of action.     

大蒜对印度明对虾黑鳃病原耐药菌株哈维氏弧菌抗菌活性的研究

本研究针对大蒜提取物对印度明对虾(Fenneropenaeus indicus)黑腮病病原多重耐药哈维氏弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)体外和体内的抗菌活性进行了评价。先利用市售的几种抗生素记录致病性哈维氏弧菌的抗菌谱。然后,利用琼脂扩散法来研究大蒜对哈维氏弧菌的抗菌活性。将哈维氏弧菌接种在琼脂平板上,对每种大蒜提取物(鲜榨大蒜提取物—FSGE,冻干大蒜提取物—FDGE以及用甲醇提取的大蒜提取物—MGE)设计三种不同的浓度。结果表明,鲜榨大蒜提取物对哈维氏弧菌的抑菌活性明显优于冻干大蒜提取物和用甲醇提取的大蒜提取物。本研究分别在对虾基础饲料中添加0%(对照)、0.5%和1%浓度梯度的大蒜来评价大蒜治疗感染哈维氏弧菌的对虾的效果。结果表明,综合大蒜提取物的短期和长期防治(1%含量)的效果分析,对虾累积死亡率降低了75%。本研究探讨了鲜榨大蒜提取物替代抗生素在印度明对虾饲养防病上的优点。     

方斑东风螺“急性死亡症”的病原病理研究

对海南发生的方斑东风螺（Babylonia areolata）“急性死亡症”进行了病原分离纯化、人工感染试验,以及病原16SrDNA分析和生理生化鉴定。结果显示病原菌为哈维弧菌（Vibrioharveyi）;药敏试验结果显示,该病原菌对常见的抗菌药物如恩诺沙星、复合磺胺等敏感,而对青霉素表现为耐药;组织病理结果显示鳃叶、腹足、肝胰腺、消化道、肾等器官的细胞出现变性、坏死、血细胞浸润等现象。     

Pathogenicity of halophilic Vibrio harveyi in giant freshwater prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii De Man)

In this study, the phenotypic and pathogenic properties in freshwater host were characterized in 14 strains of halophilic Vibrio harveyi isolated from infected marine black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon. The lysogenic phenotype was assayed via prophage excision and mitomycin C induction. The bacteria were grouped into two types, corresponding to lysogenic and non‐lysogenic strains. The pathogenicity was determined via direct injection of bacterial cultures into post‐larval juvenile giant freshwater prawns, Macrobrachium rosenbergii De Man. All of the infected prawns showed similar symptoms and inflamed hepatopancreas. The V. harveyi isolates derived from the first‐injected infected prawns were re‐isolated and re‐injected into healthy giant freshwater prawns, in which they retained similar infectivity. Both lysogenic and non‐lysogenic Vibrio spp. showed identical virulence associated with 100% mortality within one day post‐injection. TEM micrographs showed hepatopancreatic nuclear deformation and lipid breakdown caused by lysogenic γ‐hemolytic VL19 and non‐lysogenic β‐hemolytic V33. However, the V33 strain was associated with severely disrupted mitochondria. None of the V. harveyi strains was able to produce a biofilm. Together, our findings indicate that the lysogenic and non‐lysogenic halophilic V. harveyi isolated from marine shrimps may use different virulence factors that are responsible for their pathogenicity in freshwater prawns.     

海南养殖方斑东风螺暴发性疾病病原分离鉴定及药敏分析

2011年4月,从海南工厂化养殖的患病方斑东风螺体内分离得到3株优势菌,经感染实验确定菌株DFL11-01为该暴发性疾病的致病菌,其对方斑东风螺注射感染的LD50为2.6×106CFU/g。采用常规形态和生理生化特征,对菌株DFL11-01进行鉴定,并以16SrRNA基因序列同源性分析法对所有3株分离菌进行同源性分析,结果表明,3株细菌均为哈氏弧菌Vibrio harveyi。药敏试验结果表明,菌株DFL11-01对阿洛西林、利福平等15种药物耐药;对头孢他啶、四环素等3种药物中介敏感;对氨苄西林、恩诺沙星、头孢三嗪、哌拉西林、左旋氧氟沙星等5种药物敏感。     

利用LAMP法快速检测致病性哈维氏弧菌

从浙江宁波的发病鲈鱼(Lateolabrax japonicus)分离到1株致病性哈维氏弧菌(Vibrio harveyi) LY-1。从该菌的DNA样本中成功扩增出大小为873 bp的ToxR基因片段。DNA序列分析表明:该序列与已登录哈维氏弧菌(Vibrio harveyi) ToxR基因同源性为96.57%,与副溶血弧菌(V.parahaemolyticus)、鳗弧菌(V.anguilarum)、创伤弧菌(V.vulnificus)、费氏弧菌(V.fisheri)、溶藻胶弧菌(V.alginolyticus)、霍利斯弧菌(V.hollisae)、拟态弧菌(V.mimicus)、河弧菌(V.fluvialis)的ToxR基因相似性为27.62%~72.49%。选择哈维氏弧菌ToxR基因种内保守区段,设计1套环介导等温扩增(loop-mediated isothermal amplification,LAMP)技术的特异引物,对扩增条件进行优化实验,在65℃孵育45 min的条件下即可完成哈维氏弧菌特异性扩增,成功建立了海水致病菌-哈维氏弧菌的LAMP快速检测方法。结果分析表明:该方法对哈维氏弧菌DNA的最小检出量为1 fg,比PCR法灵敏度高3个数量级。利用LAMP方法快速检测哈维氏弧菌,目前在国内外还未见报道。