厚颌鲂外周血细胞形态及细胞化学特征研究

采用血细胞常规染色和细胞化学染色对厚颌鲂(Megalobrama pellegrini)外周血细胞形态及细胞化学特征进行观察。结果显示:厚颌鲂外周血细胞可分为红细胞、血栓细胞、单核细胞、淋巴细胞和三种类型粒细胞。红细胞有幼稚、成熟和衰老三种形态,其中幼稚和衰老红细胞较少见;血栓细胞数量最多,其次是淋巴细胞。粒细胞中Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型较常见,Ⅲ型粒细胞少有。细胞化学染色显示幼红细胞、血栓细胞和淋巴细胞均呈ACP弱阳性;单核细胞呈ACP和ANAE阳性;Ⅰ型粒细胞是嗜中性粒细胞,POX、ACP和ANAE阳性;Ⅱ型粒细胞是PAS-GL,PAS强阳性和ACP阳性;Ⅲ型粒细胞是Ⅰ型粒细胞的晚期形态。厚颌鲂的PAS-GL可能是嗜酸性/嗜碱性粒细胞,而不是嗜碱性粒细胞的前体。     

牛卵母细胞体外培养成熟前后及体外受精卵Alpabe的电镜细胞化学研究

本研究用Adams的改良柠檬酸铅法,对牛卵巢2—5mm卵泡中的细胞及体外培养成熟卵和体外受精卵进行了碱性磷酸酶(AIpcse)的电镜细胞化学研究、其Alpase活性有一定的变化规律。培养前的卵母细胞酶活性较强,主要定位于质膜及质膜下颗粒细胞突起膨大部和透明带上。体外培养成熟卯质膜上的酶活性明显减弱颗粒细胞突起已抽回。但是在增宽的卵周隙中有较多的酶反应产物。体外受精卯的酶活性很强,不仅表现在质膜上的酶活性增强,而且还定位于线粒体及一些空泡的膜和细胞基质中。可见,Alpase的活性随牛卵母细胞的成热过程减弱,随受精过程增强。     

Morphofunctional description of mucous cells in the gills of the Arapaimidae Arapaima gigas (Cuvier) during its development

The gill structure of the Amazonian fish Arapaima gigas (Cuvier 1829) shows ontogenetic changes during development, particularly due the transition from the aquatic to the obligatory air breathing mode of respiration. However, three main cell types can be found in the gills: mitochondrial rich cells, pavement cells and mucous cells (MCs). The MCs are involved in the secretory pathway. The functions of the secreted molecules include mechanical protection of epithelia, protection against parasites and bacterial infection, and role on ion regulation. In this study, we analysed mucous cell location and mucous cell type, based on pH, during the development of A. gigas. Using samples obtained from the environment, gills were collected and fixed in buffered solution. Histological techniques for the identification of MCs were performed Alcian Blue (AB) and periodic acid‐Schiff (PAS). The results showed the presence of PAS+ and AB+ cells in the whole filament in all examined fish. In animals less than 50 g, few MCs were present, and no differences were observed in AB+ and PAS+ cells. In animals weighing close to 500 g, more PAS+ cells than AB+ cells were observed, and in animals that weighed more than 1,000 g, more AB+ cells than PAS+ cells were observed. These observations may be a result of the ontogenetic changes in the gill epithelia, which can change the osmorespiratory compromise in ion regulation functions as well the glycosaminoglycans secreted by PAS cells, which in large animals can play a role in the protection against parasites and bacterial infection.     

乙烯利对甘蔗节间过氧化物酶活性的影响及酶细胞化学

酶细胞化学研究显示：甘蔗茎杆节间薄壁细胞中过氧化物酶主要分布在细胞的液泡膜内表面和液泡液中,线粒体、叶绿体和高尔基体等细胞器膜表面也有过氧化物酶存在,而细胞核、细胞壁和胞间隙中很少或末见过氧化物酶分布。在甘蔗工艺成熟过程中,节间过氧化物酶活性是波动性变化的,不同品种表现不一致,但存在一个基础酶活性。乙烯利处理对过氧化物酶活性有影响,能提高和（或）维持较高水平的过氧化物酶活性,影响酶活性时间在处理后１～３周,因品种不同而差异。３个参试品种中有２个品种（桂１５和新台糖１６号）在乙烯利处理后酶活性表现趋势一致。     

Cytochemical properties of chicken blood cells resembling both thrombocytes and lymphocytes

Generally accepted criteria were used to identify typical nucleated thrombocytes and typical small lymphocytes in chicken-blood smears subjected to modified-Wright staining. Other cells, here referred to as "intermediate cells," were difficult to classify because in some aspects they resembled thrombocytes while they also had features typical of small lymphocytes. The "intermediate cells" had small, round or oval nuclei with coarsely condensed chromatin, characteristic of both thrombocytes and small lymphocytes. In addition, "intermediate cells" had moderately abundant cytoplasmic volumes, typical of thrombocytes but blue cytoplasm lacking both granules and vacuoles, which is characteristic of small lymphocytes. It made little difference to the thrombocyte count whether these cells were classified as thrombocytes or small lymphocytes; however, this decision made a substantial difference to the lymphocyte count in some chicken-blood smears. Most "intermediate cells" (351 of 410 cells examined) were nonfluorescent after treatment with formaldehyde gas. Furthermore, most "intermediate cells" failed to acquire characteristic pigments when subjected to either Grimelius staining (179 of 204 cells examined) or periodic acid-Schiff staining (173 of 206 cells examined). Typical small lymphocytes reacted in the same way, failing to fluoresce after gaseous formaldehyde treatment (65 of 65 cells examined) and failing to react during Grimelius staining (41 of 44 cells examined) or periodic acid-Schiff staining (21 of 21 cells examined). In contrast, almost all typical thrombocytes became fluorescent in response to gaseous formaldehyde (709 of 718 cells examined) and gave positive reactions when subjected to Grimelius staining (381 of 382 cells examined) or periodic acid-Schiff staining (322 of 326 cells examined). These findings suggested that "intermediate cells" should be classified as lymphocytes in differential cell counts.     

Hematologic reference intervals for koi (Cyprinus carpio), including blood cell morphology, cytochemistry, and ultrastructure

BACKGROUND: Hematologic data are used routinely in the health care of humans and domestic mammals. Similar data for fish are largely fragmentary or have not been collected. OBJECTIVES: The primary purpose of this study was to determine hematologic reference intervals for koi, an ornamental strain of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Secondarily, the morphology, cytochemical reactions, and ultrastructure of koi blood cells were characterized. METHODS: A CBC was performed manually on heparin-anticoagulated blood specimens using Natt and Herrick's diluent and a Neubauer-ruled hemacytometer. Leukocyte differential counts were done on Wright-Leishman- and Diff-Quik-stained blood smears. Cytochemical reactions of koi leukocytes were determined using commercial kits. Transmission electron microscopy was performed to characterize the ultrastructural features of koi blood cells. RESULTS: Hematologic reference intervals were established for healthy koi for PCV (30-34%), hemoglobin concentration (6.3-7.6 g/dL), RBC count (1.7-1.9 X 10(6)/ microL), WBC count (19.8-28.1 X 10(3)/ microL), RBC indices, and differential leukocyte counts. Lymphocytes were the predominant leukocyte (accounting for up to 80% of all leukocytes), whereas eosinophils were rare. Basophils were positive with PAS staining. Naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase activity was observed only in eosinophils. alpha-Naphthyl butyrate esterase and beta-glucuronidase activities were positive in monocytes. Some lymphocytes were reactive for alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase and acid phosphatase activity. Ultrastructurally, leukocytes, erythrocytes, and thrombocytes were identified on the basis of cytoplasmic organelles and granule appearance. CONCLUSION: Hematologic reference intervals and knowledge of the cytochemical reactions and ultrastructural characteristics of koi leukocytes will help standardize hematologic studies in this species.     

Cytochemical staining characteristics of lymph nodes from normal and lymphoma-affected dogs

Frozen sections and imprint smears were used to evaluate the presence and pattern of cytochemical staining reactions in the B- and T-cell regions of lymph nodes from normal dogs and dogs with lymphoma. Staining procedures evaluated included peroxidase (PER), Sudan black B (SBB), naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase (CAE), alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase (NBE), acid phosphatase (ACP), and leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP). In normal lymph nodes, macrophages and some lymphocytes within the interfollicular (T-cell) region and medulla stained positive with ACP and NBE. Smaller numbers of macrophages also occurred sporadically within the germinal follicles. Cells positive for PER, SBB, and CAE were scattered infrequently throughout all regions of the normal lymph node, consistent with granulocytes and mast cells. The LAP stained cells were predominantly and prominently located within the mantle zone of secondary follicles and to a much lesser extent within the germinal centers, compatible with B-cell lymphocytes derived from follicular center cells. Of the 12 dogs with lymphoma, 7 cases (4 immunoblastic, 2 large noncleaved, 1 small noncleaved) stained diffusely positive with LAP, 4 cases (all lymphoblastic) had numerous focally positive lymphocytes using ACP and NBE, and 1 case (immunoblastic) did not stain positive with any of the cytochemical reactions. Cytochemical staining of canine lymph nodes with NBE, ACP, and LAP proved useful in distinguishing between B- or T-cell regions and detecting different cell types of canine lymphoma.     

玉米叶片受新月弯孢菌侵染后的细胞病理学变化

 本文利用透射电子显微镜技术与细胞化学技术研究了玉米叶片受弯孢菌侵染后的超微结构和细胞壁的组成成份变化。透射电镜观察发现,病菌侵入后,菌丝先在寄主细胞间扩展,随着寄主细胞病变、坏死,菌丝可进入寄主细胞形成胞内菌丝。随病菌侵入和在寄主体内扩展,寄主细胞先后发生了一系列的超微结构变化,叶绿体、液泡等细胞器解体,出现质壁分离现象,并最终解体、坏死、变形。细胞化学标记定位发现,受侵寄主细胞壁中纤维素、木聚糖和果胶质的标记密度明显低于未接种的健康组织,表明细胞壁降解酶(如纤维素酶、木聚糖酶和果胶酶)的产生与病菌侵染和致病过程密切相关。     

小麦抗白粉病菌侵染乳突反应的超微结构与细胞化学(英文)

利用透射电镜对小麦白粉病菌与不同抗性寄主相互作用中乳突反应的超微结构进行了系统研究．结果表明,在超微结构上乳突反应是所有侵染位点的共有特征;线粒体、多聚核糖体、高尔基体及各种小囊泡参与了小麦乳突的形成;进入乳突沉积区的大量小囊泡首先形成一个个结构致密的小颗粒,然后堆积起来形成乳突的内部主体和核心,其外围是细胞器解体后沉积的一层染色淡而均匀的无定形物质．乳突沉积开始的早晚及其沉积速度和持续时间决定乳突最终的形态结构、大小及其抗性强弱．乳突抗性的决定因素是乳突沉积的早晚与速度,而不是最终沉积量．乳突抗性强的材料如ＫｈａｐｌｉｘＣｃ８总是在入侵栓进入前已形成较完整的半圆形乳突;而高感寄主如高加索的绝大部分乳突物质是在病菌入侵栓进入后沉积的,所形成的多是沿吸器颈部沉积的筒状无抗性乳突．病菌侵染时寄主细胞壁上过氧化物酶活性显著增强,但与乳突抗性无关