第一届宁夏优良食味粳稻品评结果报告

由宁夏粮食加工企业、产业部门和育种科研院所27位区内专家对宁夏引（育）的15个水稻品种（系）进行品评。最后品评出一等奖1个，二等奖2个、三等奖3个，为引导宁夏优质大米种植，提升水稻育种能力具有积极的促进作用。     

圈养黇鹿对北方4种常见苗木叶片适口性浅析

为研究鹿科动物食性,探讨树叶用作鹿科动物饲料的可能性,以黇鹿为试验对象,选取北方常见榆树、刺槐、垂柳及毛白杨等4种树种新鲜叶片作为饲料,对其适口性进行分析。结果表明,黇鹿对4种叶片喜食程度依次为榆树叶、刺槐叶、垂柳叶和毛白杨叶;通过对叶片粗蛋白质含量(CP%)、酸洗纤维(ADF%)、中洗纤维(NDF%)等7种生化指标测定发现叶片中的CP含量(P=0.001)、ADF含量(P=0.025)及NDF含量(P=0.032)是影响其对叶片选择的关键因素。     

中日水稻品种的食味比较

近年来日本稻米品质和食味研究取得了举世瞩目的成就。在中国，由于经济快速发展，稻米食味研究逐渐展开，为了给中国优质食味品种选育提供理论依据，从1998年开始对中日品种进行食味比较研究，以食味理化特性及品尝鉴定试验研究结果为依据，分析了中国水稻品种食味特性，即低直链淀粉含量和低蛋白质含量兼备的品种很少，结果导致食味品尝试验各项目的平衡性不好，综合评价不如日本优良食味品种。     

海南坡鹿食性的研究

海南坡鹿是珍贵的热带鹿种,属国家一级保护动物。我们于1985—1988年间在海南省大田自然保护区对其食性进行了常年性的野外观察研究。发现海南坡鹿是广食性的草食动物,以各种草本为主要食物,对木本食物也是不可缺少的,但选择性较强,尤其喜食植物的幼嫩部份及某些花果,同其他鹿类一样,也有喜欢舔食盐碱土(或人工盐土)的习性。本文就海南的坡鹿觅食行为、择食特性及大田自然保护区主要植物的适口性等进行了研究与评价。     

FEEDING HABITS OF HAINAN ELDI''''S DEER

Hainan eldi's deer is a precious species of deer in the tropic zone,it is regardedas the first—class animal under protection in China.Based on all-year-round observation on thedeer's feeding habit in the reserve from 1985 to 1988,we discovered that Hainan eldi’s deer is aeuryphangous herbivore.They take various herbs as their main food and have fairly strongselectivity for woody plants,especially tending to eat the tender parts of plants and some fruits andflowers.Like other species of deer,they also like to lick the alkaline soil.This paper reports the re-search and evaluation on the feeding and choosing food characteristics of Hainan eldi’s deer,and onthe palatability of the main plants in the reserve.     

灌丛草地放牧山羊的牧草适口性与嗜食性及山羊采食率研究

通过对放牧山羊的牧草适口性，嗜食性和采食率及其相互关系的分析，表明山羊放牧对灌丛草地的植物适口性、嗜食性比率和采食率均以灌木嫩枝叶，中禾草和苔草属植物较优。季节性规律为：春季山羊喜哺食灌木嫩枝叶，灌木嗜食性比率较高，采食率也较高，夏季山羊喜草本植物，草本植物的嗜食性比率高于灌木，秋季山羊较喜啃食灌木枝叶，嗜食性比率灌木高于草本植物，采食率低于春季，灌木采食率高于草本植物。     

Research note: Evaluation of the reliability of local farmer knowledge in Namaqualand,South Africa

Abstract

Local farmer knowledge of species distribution patterns and plant palatability in Namaqualand, South Africa, was assessed using Participatory Rural Appraisal techniques. These findings were compared with the results obtained using phytosociological techniques (species distribution), and with palatability indices published in the literature. It was found that farmers were knowledgeable of species distribution close to the settlement, but less so further away from the settlement. Farmer plant palatability rankings did not correlate well with the palatability indices found in the published literature, which suggests that palatability in semi‐arid regions are locality specific.     

Concentrate composition for Automatic Milking Systems — Effect on milking frequency

The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of affecting milking frequency in an Automatic Milking System (AMS) by changing ingredient composition of the concentrate fed in the AMS. In six experiments, six experimental concentrates were tested against a Standard concentrate all supplied in the amounts of 5 kg/cow/day. Fifteen cows were fed the experimental concentrate and another 15 cows the Standard concentrate for 14 days and then for the next 14 days the cows were fed the opposite diets to be their own control. The change from one mixture to the next was done over only one day. In each experiment the 30 cows were composed of 12–14 of Danish Holstein, 8–10 of Danish Red and 8 were Jerseys. Basal mixed ration (MR) was fed ad libitum and intake was recorded individually. The effect of the different concentrates on intake and production was evaluated within experiment against the Standard concentrate. A marked effect was found on the number of visits of the cows in the AMS and the subsequent milk production in relation to composition of the concentrate. The composition of the concentrates also influenced the composition of the milk and the MR intake. Based on the overall responses the cows preferred a mixture containing Barley and Oats. Also Wheat based concentrate appeared to be preferred to concentrate based on Maize or Barley and the cows did not like the Fat rich or the pure Artificially dried grass concentrate used in the experiment.     

水稻品质改良的研究发展现状

分析了当前我国进行水稻品质研究的重要意义。从稻米品质的测定、评价、遗传研究和育种实践的角度阐述了国内外水稻品质研究的现状,并从大众的消费观念和市场需求出发指明了未来提高食味、营养和加工品质的水稻品质改良发展方向。     

不同施肥处理对水稻产量、食味品质及蛋白质组分的影响

对粳稻品种津原45进行5种不同类型肥料的田间试验,研究了5种不同施肥处理对水稻产量、品质、淀粉谱特性及蛋白质组分的影响。结果表明：与对照相比,采用不同施肥处理对水稻有显著的增产作用,各施肥处理分别增产20.42%-56.94%;处理Ⅱ（常规施肥）获得了最高的产量;处理Ⅳ（拟日本稻作法）增产最少;处理Ⅲ（有机肥）和处理Ⅴ（东洋生物肥）的稻米产量略低于处理Ⅱ。直链淀粉含量在各处理间差异显著,蛋白质含量无显著差异。处理Ⅳ的崩解值最高,为84.58RVU,消减值最低,仅为10.00RVU,食味值为65.5,食味最好;处理Ⅱ的崩解值最低,为67.75RVU,消减值最高为23.50 RVU,食味值为54.0,食味最差。各蛋白质组分含量与食味值的相关均未达到显著水平,醇溶蛋白含量与最高粘度和最终粘度呈显著负相关,谷蛋白含量与最高粘度呈显著负相关,其他蛋白质组分含量与淀粉谱特性中的各项指标间相关均未达到显著水平。处理Ⅲ（有机肥）和处理Ⅴ（东洋生物肥）较好地兼顾了产量和品质,是较为可行的施肥方法。