Ionic composition and osmolality of paddlefish (Polyodon spathula, Acipenseriformes) seminal fluid

Changes in ionic composition as Na⁺,K⁺, Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺, osmolality inseminal fluid, percentage of motile spermatozoaand velocity were investigated in response toCPP and different dosage of LHRHa. The lowestvelocity of sperm was observed after use CPPtreatment. The velocity of spermatozoa,significant main effect of the treatment(P < 0.0001) and the time of sperm collection(P < 0.0104) were evaluated. The osmolality ofseminal fluid was different betweenexperimental groups of LHRHa (48.0–62.7mOsmol.kg^–1) and CPP (33.0–46.3mOsmol.kg^–1) treatments. The osmolalitywas significantly higher on the first day andone-half, then declined on day three, rangingfrom 33.0 to 62.7 mOsmol.kg^–1. Analysisof variance showed significant main effects ofthe treatment (P < 0.0001) and the time ofsperm collection (P < 0.0002) on the osmolalityof seminal fluid. The level of Na⁺ andK⁺ ion was different between experimentalgroups of LHRHa and CPP treatment. The highestconcentration of 11.11 mmol.l^–1 wasobserved at Na⁺ ion. Then theconcentrations declined on the level 1.56, 0.52and 0.36 mmol.l^–1 for K⁺, Ca²⁺and Mg²⁺ ions, respectively. There werehighly positive correlations between osmolalityof seminal fluid and dosage of LHRHa treatment(r = 0.84), velocity of spermatozoa andosmolality of seminal fluid (r = 0.57) andosmolality of seminal fluid and Na⁺concentration at seminal fluid (r = 0.70).Injection with LHRHa increased quality of spermas velocity of sperm, level of Na⁺,K⁺ and osmolality at seminal fluidcompared to CPP treatments.     

Management of paddlefish fry and juveniles in Bulgarian conditions

When paddlefish larvae were reared in tanks and fed on zooplankton, a length of 12–15 cm and a weight of 9.2 g had been obtained by the second month after hatching. After a further 2-months of pond rearing, the survival rate was 48%, and the juveniles had reached an average weight of 27.74 g and length of 22.5 cm. Much better growth rate was achieved when both paddlefish fry and juveniles were reared only on artificial food in tanks. At the end of the first month, a weight of 11.6 g had been reached; at the second month the paddlefish weight was 33.29 g, at the third month it was 60.2 g, and at the fourth month it was 127.7 g. There were two cases in which, respectively, 1,000 and 1,500 paddlefish with an average body weight of 33–60 g were stocked in a reservoir. At the age 5 months the fish had reached, or exceeded, an average weight of 500 g, and, after 1 year, it was over 700 g, which is an indicator of the good rearing opportunities this reservoir offered.     

匙吻鲟苗种规模化培育技术

2010年4月14日至6月1日在湖北宜昌进行了匙吻鲟苗种的规模化培育试验示范。鱼苗培育在室内水槽内进行,放养密度800～1000尾/m2,改善水温、溶氧、流速等养殖条件,适时投喂适口饵料生物,经过15d养殖,获4cm左右的鱼种47.12万尾,成活率95%;鱼种培育在水库坝下池塘进行,放养密度30万～40万尾/hm2,以水温相对稳定、水质优良的水库为养殖水源,及时驯食,转食后日投喂鱼种体重3%～5%的浮性鲟鱼饲料,加强饲养管理,经过30d养殖,获10～12cm鱼种40.47万尾,成活率85.9%。     

Induced meiotic gynogenesis in shovelnose sturgeon

Gynogenesis was induced in three shovelnose sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus pIatorynchus) by heat shock after egg activation with UV-treated paddlefish (Polyodon spathula) milt. Ultraviolet dosage (J m–2) for the pooled milt samples was calculated using the following linear regression equation: Dosage = 2405.27 – 352.80X 19.78X2 (X = percent transmittance of milt). Activated eggs were incubated at 18 °C until shocking at 35 °C. Shock duration was applied at 0.050 intervals from 0.15 to 0.40 0 (8.25 to 22.00 min post-fertilization; 0 at 18 °C = 55 min). The highest yield of gynogenotes (16%) was observed at 0.25 0 for female 3, 10 % at 0.30 0 for female 2 and 12% at 0.35 0 for female 1. The percentage of viable gynogenotes responded quadratically to the tau index (s/0) when shock treatments were applied. The higher yields of viable diploid sturgeon gynogenotes were achieved when eggs were heat shocked at embryological ages ranging from 0.25 to 0.35 0 (approximately 14 to 19 min post-activation at 18 °C). No viable hybrids were produced in the control fertilization of sturgeon eggs with intact paddlefish sperm which verified the gynogenetic origin of the offspring produced. © Rapid Science Ltd. 1998     

匙吻鲟亲鱼培育及规模化人工繁殖技术

采用分阶段培育方式培育匙吻鲟亲鱼,后备亲鱼（5～6龄）在水库及坝下池塘培育,催产用亲鱼在流水池中强化培育,各阶段通过控制水流速度、水温、水质和饵料条件,满足其性腺发育需求。2008年至2010年共培育后备亲鱼1017尾,性腺发育成熟亲鱼110组,并逐尾包埋电子标签,建立不同年龄段亲鱼种源库。采用B超结合体形观察判断早期性别,结合挖卵检查准确判断亲鱼的成熟度,依据成熟度确定催产剂量,并通过控制水温、水流速度、挤卵排精时间等催产和孵化条件,人工繁殖的催产率、受精率和孵化率显著提高,年均分别达到95%、95%、78.3%,三年共孵化匙吻鲟鱼苗1246.6万尾。实现了匙吻鲟规模化人工繁殖的目标。     

匙吻鲟仔稚鱼摄食前后生长规律与体脂肪酸组成研究

为了掌握匙吻鲟(Polyodon spathula)仔稚鱼摄食前后的生长规律及其能量代谢情况,研究了孵化后第3、5、7、13、19、25天匙吻鲟仔稚鱼生长特征与体脂肪酸组成变化。结果表明,摄食前匙吻鲟仔鱼全长(L_1)生长方程为:L_1=0.1288t_1+0.7134(3≤t_1≤7),R~2=0.9993;摄食后匙吻鲟仔稚鱼全长(L_2)生长方程为:L_2=0.9133e~(0.0785t_2)(7t_2≤25),R~2=0.9913;2个阶段全长(L)生长方程为:L=0.8948e~(0.0796t)(3≤t≤25),R~2=0.9950。摄食前匙吻鲟仔鱼体重(W_1)生长方程为:W_1=0.0035t_1-0.0032(3≤t_1≤7),R~2=0.9932;摄食后仔稚鱼体重(W_2)生长方程为:W_2=0.0061e~(0.1893t_2)(7t_2≤25),R~2=0.9948;2个阶段体重(W)生长方程为:W=0.0049 e~(0.2004t)(3≤t≤25),R~2=0.9911。2个阶段匙吻鲟仔稚鱼体重(W)与全长(L)的幂函数关系为:W=0.007L~(2.513)。前仔鱼期,随着孵化天数的增加,匙吻鲟饱和脂肪酸(SFA)比例显著升高(P0.05);单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)比例显著下降(P0.05);多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)比例无显著变化;其中,亚油酸(C_(18)∶2 n-6)、α-亚麻酸(C_(18)∶3 n-3)、n-6 PUFA比例显著下降(P0.05),EPA(C_(20)∶5 n-3)、DHA(C_(22)∶6 n-3)、n-3 PUFA比例显著升高(P0.05);摄食生物饵料后,随着孵化天数的增加,匙吻鲟SFA比例先升高后下降(P0.05);MUFA比例先下降后升高再下降(P0.05);PUFA比例先升高后下降再升高(P0.05);其中C_(18)∶2 n-6先升高后下降,EPA、DHA呈相反趋势(P0.05),C_(18)∶3 n-3先升高后下降再升高(P0.05)。研究表明,随着孵化时间的延长,摄食前匙吻鲟仔鱼全长和体重均呈线性增长,摄食后均呈指数增长,2个阶段匙吻鲟仔稚鱼全长和体重均呈指数增长,体重与全长呈幂函数关系;前仔鱼期,匙吻鲟仔鱼对体内不同脂肪酸利用顺序为MUFAn-6 PUFAn-3 PUFA和SFA;摄食后,生物饵料脂肪酸组成对匙吻鲟仔稚鱼脂肪酸组成的影响日益显著。