Influence of variable photoperiods on the feeding activity and fecundity of<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Galendromus occidentalis</Emphasis> (Nesbitt) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) under laboratory conditions

The influence of variable photoperiods on the feeding activity and fecundity of Galendromus occidentalis (Nesbitt) was studied on a diet of Tetranychus urticae Koch eggs. Starved G. occidentalis females were fed T. urticae eggs under ten 24-h light:dark regimes. Half of the tests started during photophase and the other half during scotophase. T. urticae eggs that were consumed and G. occidentalis eggs that were laid were counted at the end of each photophase and scotophase in a 24 h period. In general, G. occidentalis consumed more T. urticae eggs per h in the first phase of the experiment than in the second, regardless of whether the lights were on or off. In contrast to egg consumption, there were no statistical differences in the mean daily fecundity at the end of the 24-h periods. However, when the experiment was started during photophase, higher fecundity/h was encountered during scotophase than during the photophase. As a result, egg consumption rates were affected by photoperiods in both phases of the experiments. Logistic regression analysis revealed that variable photoperiods and egg consumption did not influence the fecundity of G. occidentalis.     

不同寄主植物对小菜蛾生长发育和繁殖的影响

小菜蛾(Plutella xylostella L.)是世界范围内十字花科植物的头号害虫,试验在26℃、光照明暗比为16L∶8D、湿度为70%的条件下,以甘蓝(Brassica oleracea L.)(‘秦甘70’‘秦甘80’‘绿球66’)、小青菜(Brassica chinensis L.)(‘上海四月慢’)、花椰菜(Brassica oleracea L.var.botrytis)(‘荷兰83号’)和油菜(Brassica napus L.)(‘青杂7号’)6个不同品种4类十字花科蔬菜为食料,观察小菜蛾一个完整世代的不同生命参数,并分析取食不同十字花科寄主的小菜蛾生长发育状况及繁殖差异。结果表明:在6个不同品种4类十字花科中,取食‘荷兰83号’花椰菜的小菜蛾试验组幼虫历期、蛹历期、蛹质量、卵历期及全世代历期最短,其全世代存活率最高;取食‘上海4月慢’小青菜的小菜蛾试验组幼虫存活率、化蛹率、蛹羽化率、卵孵化率及全世代存活率最低,其成虫历期、卵历期及全世代历期为最长。在4类十字花科寄主中,小菜蛾的最适寄主植物为‘荷兰83号’花椰菜,最不适宜小菜蛾生长发育及繁殖的为‘上海四月慢’小青菜。     

高温冲击对东亚小花蝽存活及生殖特性的影响

测定了在不同高温（39、41、43℃）下冲击1 h后,东亚小花蝽成虫存活率、产卵前期、产卵量、寿命等生殖特性指标的差异。结果表明：随着温度的升高,东亚小花蝽成虫的存活率从94.44%下降到68.89%;东亚小花蝽雌虫的产卵前期随温度升高而延长,25℃恒温条件下雌虫产卵前期平均为2.56 d,43℃高温处理1 h后延长至4.11 d;短时高温冲击显著降低东亚小花蝽成虫的单雌产卵量,25℃恒温条件下单雌产卵量平均为60.44粒,41℃冲击1 h后,其产卵量为24.10粒,43℃冲击1 h后仅为13.78粒;东亚小花蝽成虫寿命随温度的升高而降低,25℃恒温条件下,雌成虫寿命平均为15.33 d,而43℃高温冲击1 h后,雌虫寿命仅为8.11 d。以上结果表明,短时高温冲击导致东亚小花蝽生殖适应性下降。     

茄二十八星瓢虫产卵观察

［目的］ 观察茄二十八星瓢虫成虫在实验室自然条件下的产卵情况。［方法］ 在实验室自然条件下,以龙葵叶饲养茄二十八星瓢虫直至雌虫死亡,每天观察产卵情况并记录产卵量,最后对观察结果进行统计分析。［结果］ 茄二十八星瓢虫雌虫的实际产卵天数平均为19.0 d,平均寿命为56.3 d,即实际产卵天数约占其寿命的1/3;其产卵前期平均为6.1 d,最长为13.0 d,最短为3.0 d;其产卵期平均为44.0 d,最长为59.0 d,最短为16.0 d;每雌一生的产卵总数平均为618.0粒,最多为791.0粒,最少为263.0粒,产卵期的平均每天产卵数为14.0粒,按实际产卵天数计算的每天产卵数为32.5粒。茄二十八星瓢虫产卵呈现一定的间歇性,大部分间歇时间为2-3 d,最长间歇时间为10 d。茄二十八星瓢虫在第1、2、3、4周分别平均产卵73.0、120.0、156.6和76.0粒。［结论］ 该研究为茄二十八星瓢虫的田间防治提供了一定的指导依据。     

东海中部日本鲭(Scomber japonicus)产卵群体繁殖力特征

利用2010–2012年春季在东海中部获得的日本鲭产卵群体样品的生物学及繁殖力测定数据,对其群体结构、性腺指数GSI和繁殖力特征进行了研究。结果显示,目前东海中部日本鲭产卵群体年龄结构由1–5龄组成,以2–4龄占优势。日本鲭的个体绝对繁殖力为24770–734684粒,平均为(145575±10067)粒;纯体重相对繁殖力为175–1404 grain/g,平均为(524±24)grain/g;叉长相对繁殖力为102–2070 grain/mm,平均为(483±29)grain/mm。ANOVA分析结果显示,不同叉长组间的性腺指数GSI(F=2.34,P0.05)、绝对繁殖力(F=8.57,P0.01)和叉长相对繁殖力(F=5.59,P0.05)均有显著性差异,但体重相对繁殖力差异不明显(F=2.03,P0.05)。多元逐步线性回归和非线性回归分析显示,绝对繁殖力与体高、肝重关系密切。为了应对高强度的捕捞压力,日本鲭主要采用降低性成熟年龄,减小最小性成熟叉长和卵径、增加繁殖力等策略来维持种群的延续。     

粘类小麦雄性不育系F_1结实性状的遗传分析

采用MINQUE统计方法、加性-显性(AD)及其与环境互作的遗传模型,对粘类小麦雄性不育系和恢复系杂交F1小穗两边结实数、中间结实数等结实性状进行了分析。结果表明,粘类小麦雄性不育系育性恢复性主要以加性效应为主,其次是显性效应,加性方差占表现型方差的比例变幅为38%~48%;不育系(V)-90-110、(Ven)-90-110、(K)-224、(V)-224所配制的组合,在2个结实性状上,包括国内法、国际法,平均结实率均具有正向显著或极显著的加性效应,亲本5253、02-7-215、00-6-247、M8003具有使不育系恢复度提高的加性效应;双亲加性效应高的组合多数表现出其显性效应比较差;国际法恢复度高的组合(K-224×5253),究其原因是双亲国际法恢复度的加性效应高,尤其亲本5253国际法恢复度的加性效应在供试材料中是最高的,其显性效应也较高(36.14%);粘类小麦雄性不育系杂交结实率的高低与环境的互作相对较小,育性恢复性在年份间的表现比较稳定。     

低剂量吡虫啉对多异瓢虫捕食及繁殖的影响

[目的]研究低剂量的吡虫啉药剂对多异瓢虫捕食力及繁殖的影响,为指导田间合理用药提供科学依据。[方法]采用艾美乐70%水分散粒剂和20%扑虱蚜可湿性粉剂两种吡虫啉药剂,研究了不同低剂量吡虫啉农药的配比对多异瓢虫捕食、捕食功能反应、生殖力的影响。[结果]扑虱蚜浓度配比为1∶2 000,多异瓢虫完全取食率最低,比无农药环境下减少约13%。多异瓢虫的捕食量以施用1∶50 000的艾美乐农药时最大,取食时间仅为不施药状态下的29%。在低剂量农药环境下多异瓢虫的繁殖力有一定的降低。在1∶10 000、1∶20 000的艾美乐溶液和1∶2 000的扑虱蚜药液作用下,产卵量显著低于不施药状态。[结论]吡虫啉为低毒农药,对多异瓢虫有较高的选择性。在大田使用时可考虑适当降低浓度,以提高多异瓢虫的捕食能力,减少农药的污染。     

Effect of adult nutrition and insect density on the performance of spotted stem borer, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Chilo partellus</Emphasis> in laboratory cultures

The spotted stem borer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is being successfully reared on artificial diets for screening programmes. Besides quality characteristics of the diet, rearing density and adult nutrition have significant implications on the successful mass multiplication of lepidopterans. The performance of C. partellus moths was assessed on different adult diets (water and sugar solution) and compared with unfed adults. Further, three pairing densities, viz. 2, 5 and 8 pairs/oviposition jar (1177.5 cm³) were compared for their effect on C. partellus longevity and fecundity. In another experiment, different larval densities (100, 150 and 200 neonate larvae/diet jar) were evaluated for their effect on the larval survival. Water-fed moths (both males and females) lived longer (7.32 and 7.26 days, respectively) and showed higher fecundity (307.17 eggs) than the sugar-fed or unfed moths. The latter, however, showed better egg hatchability (76.55%) than the water- or sugar-fed moths (60.45 and 50.59%, respectively). The longevity (5.67 days) and fecundity (258.46 eggs) were significantly greater at pairing density of 2 pairs/jar. The larval survival was higher (58.50%) at rearing density of 100 larvae/jar. The neonate larval release into diet jars was compared with conventional egg release and both modes were no different with respect to larval survival.     

Dynamics of Betula ermanni population in subalpine vegetation in Changbai Mountain, Northeast China

lntroductionNotonIyaretimberIinesthemostconspicuousvegetationboundaryinhighmountains,buttheyareaIsoanimportantecologicaIboundary(Bruce1996,Thomas1997).NowondersthenthosetimberIineshaveaIwaysattractedresearchersforbothscientificandpracticaIreasons.InChangbaiMountain,forexample,therestorationoftheclimatictimberlineandestabIishmentofanedectiveprotectiveforestarethetWoprincipalobjectivesofhigh-mountainfor-estmanagement.AIsointhisconnection,thepotentiaIresponseoftimberlinestoexpectedclimaticc…     

米蛾(Corcyra cephalonice)成虫产卵及卵发育对温度的响应

明确温度与米蛾成虫生殖和卵发育的关系并进行模式化表达,为人工智能规模化繁育米蛾及利用其卵进行天敌昆虫的繁殖提供科学依据。在室内5个恒温条件下(15℃、20℃、25℃、30℃、35℃)测定米蛾卵的发育历期、孵化进度、孵化率及成虫产卵量、产卵动态、寿命等。结果显示,米蛾卵在15℃条件下停滞发育(不能孵化),在20~35℃的温度范围内,卵的发育历期与温度呈负相关,卵的发育速率总体趋势符合Logistic曲线模型V=0.25/[1+exp(5.06-0.24t)](R=0.9993,F=358.06,P=0.0373),孵化率与温度的关系符合二项式关系模型y=1/[0.0144+526644.37exp(-t)](R=0.9471,F=26.14,P=0.0145),在试验温度范围内,米蛾成虫单雌产卵量有随着温度升高呈现先增加后降低的趋势,且米蛾单雌产卵量(y)与温度(t)的关系符合二项式模型y=-2.38t2+128.42t-1383.58(R=0.9941,F=84.28,P=0.0117),成虫寿命亦随着温度的升高逐渐缩短。米蛾雌虫产卵适宜温度范围是25~30℃,最适温度为26.98℃,卵发育的适宜温度范围是20~30℃,最适温度为26.90℃。