北京地区沙尘天气的气候特征分析

本文利用1954-2001年北京地区(20个气象站)逐月沙尘资料,重点对北京地区沙尘天气的空间分布特征、沙尘日数的年代变化规律、沙尘日数的月变化进行分析;分析了近三年北京地区出现沙尘天气特点及成因;同时对近48年的沙尘出现日数变化规律进行了小波分析。     

沙引发对紫花苜蓿种子盐逆境下发芽及幼苗生理生化变化的影响

试验以紫花苜蓿品种维多利亚和金皇后种子为材料，研究了沙引发处理对高盐(0．8％NaCl)逆境下种子发芽及幼苗生理生化变化的影响。结果表明，沙引发处理能显著提高紫花苜蓿两个品种种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数，缩短平均发芽时间，显著增加幼苗干重，同时提高了过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性，减少丙二醛(MDA)的积累。说明沙引发提高了紫花苜蓿种子的活力和抗盐胁迫能力，促进了盐逆境下种子的萌发和幼苗生长。     

浅谈道劳都沙地治沙项目区造林技术及效益评价

文章从树种选择、混交方式及造林密度、整地挖穴、栽植、幼林抚育、保护管理、立地条件、病虫害防治等方面介绍了治沙造林技术,把樟子松及锦鸡儿混交造林方式从扩大面积、提高单产和质量,进一步提高生态效益和经济效益。     

沙土冬闲田种植青饲黑麦的可行性分析

在对沙地种植黑麦的方式，利用效益及增产技术进行研究的基础上，对沙土冬闲地的利用现状，存在问题及种植青饲黑麦的实际效益与可行性进行了分析，以期为其推广应用提供依据。     

我国西北地区的木材供需问题

我国西北地区的木材供需是影响西部大开发进程的一个重要问题，本文从沙生灌木和农业剩余物的角度，以现有的资料为基础，初步推算和分析了西北地区木材供给的可能性，并依此提出了初步建议。     

Determining design parameters for recovery of aquaculture wastewater using sand beds

Design information for the use of sand beds to remove suspended solids from wastewater discharged from recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) was developed. Wastewater from a commercial RAS tilapia farm with 2% total solids and 1.6% total suspended solids (TSS) was applied to sand columns to determine infiltration rates and phosphorus capture. Various hydraulic loading rates and drying periods between application events were evaluated. Infiltration rates stabilized after five application events to 3.5 cm/day (S.D.=1.7). Practically, all suspended solids were captured at the top of the columns, creating the primary resistance to infiltration. Concrete sand removed approximately 93% of the soluble phosphorous in the wastewater and wollastonite, an economical aggregate alternative to sand, removed at least 98%. A modified Darcy equation is presented to predict infiltration based upon TSS and the number of sequential applications.     

砂壤质潮土夏玉米适宜的化肥种类研究

采用田间试验研究Agro Services International Inc（ASI）推荐施肥、缓/控释肥、保水型复混肥和普通复混肥对夏玉米产量、SPAD值及养分吸收积累的影响。结果表明,夏玉米施用缓/控释肥和ASI推荐施肥增产效果较好,分别比农户习惯施肥处理增产11.0%和9.8%,保水型复混肥没有显著增产效果。夏玉米专用缓/控释肥养分缓慢释放可弥补砂壤质潮土保肥性差的缺点,能维持夏玉米各生育时期较高的叶片叶绿素含量,促进夏玉米对氮、磷、钾养分的吸收利用,提高干物质积累量,具有显著增产效果,是砂壤质潮土区夏玉米适宜的化肥品种。     

柴达木盆地沙尘天气的气候特征及与气象要素的关系

利用1961～2010年柴达木盆地10个气象站观测资料,采用气候统计学方法,对沙尘天气变化特征及与气象要素的关系进行分析。结果表明,近50年柴达木盆地扬沙、浮尘、沙尘暴日数均呈显著减少的趋势,4月为扬沙、浮尘、沙尘暴出现次数最多的月份;沙尘天气均表现为春季〉夏季〉冬季〉秋季的气候特征;沙尘天气与大风、降水呈正相关,与大风的相关性明显,与降水的相关性不明显;四季气温与沙尘天气呈不显著的负相关。可见大风日数的减少是沙尘天气减少的主要原因,降水增加和气温升高对沙尘天气的发生也起一定抑制作用。     

沙漠日光温室樱桃番茄沙培品种适应性筛选研究

试验引进了15个樱桃番茄品种,在宁夏中卫市沙漠日光温室内沙培条件下开展了品种适应性的筛选,结果表明:京丹黄玉、北京樱桃、千禧、虹彩、千禧201、绿彩、优选黄圣果、紫玫瑰320、黄莺1号等9个品种的产量比对照京丹1号增产幅度在4.5%~42.5%,各项综合指标优于或等同于对照,品质较好,适合在沙漠日光温室的秋冬茬中应用。     

Improving the Field Emergence Performance of Super Sweet Corn by Sand Priming

Abstract

A priming method called sand priming was developed using sand as a priming solid matrix. The effect of sand priming on improving the field emergence performance of five super sweet corn cultivars was investigated. Sand priming significantly improved field emergence performance of all super sweet corn cultivars, and there was marked improvement by priming at 20ºC for 24 hr. After sand priming at 20ºC for 24 hr, field emergence percentage (FEP) of “Green Superman”, “Huatian 1”, “Yangtian 1”, “Mitian 8”, and “Chaotian 43” was increased by 52.1%, 37.5%, 38.0%, 40.9%, and 33.3%, respectively. Their field emergence speed (FES) was 2.3, 1.8, 2.0, 2.0, and 1.8 times of the control, respectively. To further elucidate the effect of sand priming on improving the field emergence performance of super sweet corn, we analyzed the membrane system integrity, α-amylase activity and protein content. Sand priming at 20ºC for 24 hr improved membrane system integrity and α-amylase activity in all super sweet corn cultivars. Furthermore, sand priming at 20ºC for 24 hr accelerated the degradation of embryo protein after 1 d germination in “Green Superman”.