Sap flow characteristics and physiological adjustments of two dominant tree species in pure and mixed plantations in the semi-arid Loess Plateau of China

It is essential to understand the water consumption characteristics and physiological adjustments of tree species under drought conditions, as well as the effects of pure and mixed plantations on these characteristics in semi-arid regions. In this study, the normalized sap flow (SF_n), leaf water potential, stomatal conductance (g_s), and photosynthetic rate (P_r) were monitored for two dominant species, i.e., Pinus tabuliformis and Hippophae rhamnoides, in both pure and mixed plantations in a semi-arid region of Chinese Loess Plateau. A threshold-delay model showed that the lower rainfall thresholds (R^L) for P. tabuliformis and H. rhamnoides in pure plantations were 9.6 and 11.0 mm, respectively, and the time lags (τ) after rainfall were 1.15 and 1.76 d for corresponding species, respectively. The results indicated that P. tabuliformis was more sensitive to rainfall pulse than H. rhamnoides. In addition, strong stomatal control allowed P. tabuliformis to experience low g_s and P_r in response to drought, while maintaining a high midday leaf water potential (Ψ_m). However, H. rhamnoides maintained high g_s and P_r at a low Ψ_m expense. Therefore, P. tabuliformis and H. rhamnoides can be considered as isohydric and anisohydric species, respectively. In mixed plantation, the values of R^L for P. tabuliformis and H. rhamnoides were 6.5 and 8.9 mm, respectively; and the values of τ were 0.86 and 1.61 d for corresponding species, respectively, which implied that mixed afforestation enhanced the rainfall pulse sensitivity for both two species, especially for P. tabuliformis. In addition, mixed afforestation significantly reduced SF_n, g_s, and P_r for P. tabuliformis (P<0.05), while maintaining a high leaf water potential status. However, no significant effect of mixed afforestation of H. rhamnoides was observed at the expense of leaf water potential status in response to drought. Although inconsistent physiological responses were adopted by these species, the altered water consumption characteristics, especially for P. tabuliformis indicated that the mixed afforestation requires further investigation.     

沙棘木蠹蛾防治技术

吴起县的沙棘面积达到12.53万hm2,全县受沙棘木蠹蛾危害的面积4647.22hm2,分布于9个乡镇,以周湾、长城两乡镇最为严重,虫口密度平均单株达15头以上,危害最重的单株虫口近70多头,幼虫啃食根干,导致根干部腐烂直至死亡。沙棘木蠹蛾的防治技术主要包括平茬更新复壮、化学防治、林分结构调整、采用灯光诱杀和性引诱剂诱杀等方法。     

沙棘组织培养研究进展

从外植体、培养基、生长激素、褐变的预防等几方面对沙棘组织培养的研究进展进行简要回顾,并探讨其存在的主要问题及发展趋势,以期为今后的深入研究提供参考。     

中国沙棘果实中维生素C含量及其变化规律的研究*

中国沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoides L.subsp.sinensis Rousi)是鼠李沙棘的一个亚种。主要产于我国山西、陕西、甘肃、青海、四川、河北、辽宁8省和宁夏、内蒙两个自治区。中国沙棘是我国重要的资源植物。 从本世纪20年代初就开始了对沙棘的研究。随着沙棘新用途的发现和综合利用工业的发展,沙棘的化学成分研究也越来越受到重视,苏联学者在这方面进行了大量的工作。我国近几年来对沙棘的研究也相当活跃。本文重点报道几个地区的中国沙棘维生素C含量及其变化规律,为采摘期和合理开发利用提供参数,同时也为加速沙棘优良品种的人工选育提供依据。     

三种抗旱植物叶片解剖结构的对比观察

通过制作石蜡切片对沙棘、文冠果、虎榛子叶片的解剖结构进行了观察 ,以角质层厚度 ,栅栏组织厚度/叶肉组织厚度 ,第一层栅栏组织细胞密集度 ,侧维管束密度 ,主脉厚度这几项旱性结构的主要指标进行检验比较 ,结果表明这三种植物都具备抗旱结构但又有各自的抗旱特点 ,综合各抗旱指标对三种植物的抗旱性排序 ,其抗旱能力为 :文冠果 >沙棘 >虎榛子     

黄土高原沟壑区油松侧柏与沙棘混交的人工林的水文影响

采用国家标准森林分析方法进行了沙棘与油松、侧柏人工混交林的水文影响研究,结果表明:混交林内年均降水量较林外减少了20.1%;林内月降水量的季节变化以夏、秋、春、冬依次递减;年均气温比纯林内低0.1℃,相对湿度高4.5%;乔木层年均截留量较纯林提高了56.6%,灌木层提高了395.7%;年均地表径流量105.8 L,径流摸数为10.58 m3·km-2·a-1,纯林分别为1 349.05 L和134.9 m3·km-2·a-1,土壤侵蚀模数为0.65 t·hm-2·a-1,纯林为9.2 t·hm-2·a-1;枯枝落叶层现存量增加了200%;平均容水量为自身质量的3.1倍;土壤密度和土粒密度分别减少了6.3%和17.7%,含水量、孔隙度和通气度分别提高了6.1 %、13.9%、20.3%.不同土层土壤密度和土粒密度由上到下逐渐增大,孔隙度和通气度表层较高,向下逐渐减少;底层、中层和表层土壤非毛管孔隙度分别提高了113.3%、38.6%和32.6%;最大持水量、最小持水量、毛管持水量分别较纯林平均高11.0%、9.8%、10.5%,较荒地高36.0%、16.0%、25.6%;储水量和0～40 cm储水量分别较纯林和荒地提高了12.4%、22.7%,排水能力也较强.     

吴起县沙棘主要病虫害及其防治方法

本文介绍了吴起县沙棘的主要病虫害种类,并针对不同的病虫害种类提出了具体的防治措施,为吴起县沙棘林分的经营管理提供技术支撑。     

沙棘全光照喷雾嫩枝扦插育苗试验研究

生长季节,利用全光照喷雾育苗装置,在塑料容器中装入河沙∶锯末∶田土=5∶2∶3的混合基质,将插穗用质量分数为1.0×10-4的ABT3号生根粉溶液浸根1h或质量分数为5.0×10-5的溶液浸根2h后扦插,扦插深度6～8cm,能有效地提高沙棘嫩枝扦插苗生根率及成活率。     

黄土丘陵区沙棘林几个水分生理生态特征研究

为探讨沙棘对半干旱黄土丘陵区水分条件的适应性,1998年对沙棘的水分生理生态及抗旱性进行了分析研究.试验结果表明(1)沙棘适应半干旱黄土丘陵区生境形成了耐旱、御旱的双重抗旱方式.在旱季,沙棘体内束缚水含量随干旱加剧而上升,束缚水与自由水比值随干旱加剧而增大,叶片维持较高的含水量,蒸腾减弱,叶水势降低,临界饱和亏增大,表现出较强的抗旱性.(2)沙棘光合速率具明显的日变化,1000 1200出现第1次峰值,1400 1500出现第2次峰值.沙棘光合速率与环境因子(气温、相对湿度和光合有效辐射)间有显著的相关关系,相关系数为0.8466 0.9351,其中光合有效辐射对光合速率影响最显著,气温次之,相对湿度最小;沙棘光合速率与气孔导度及细胞间CO2浓度间有十分显著的相关关系,相关系数为0.9852 0.9856.(3)沙棘蒸腾速率与气孔导度具明显的日变化,两者的变化趋势相似,5、7月日变化曲线呈单峰型,6、8、9月日变化曲线呈双峰型.在生长季(5-     

匀浆法提取沙棘果中总黄酮的工艺研究

为了建立一种高效提取沙棘果中总黄酮的方法,对匀浆法提取沙棘果中总黄酮的工艺进行了研究,确定了最佳的工艺参数:提取原料为含水率85%的沙棘果,溶剂为85%的乙醇,匀浆时间10 m in,液固比为5∶1(mL∶g)。将该法与常规的回流提取法进行了比较。结果表明,在优化的条件下,匀浆法对沙棘果总黄酮的提取率为0.76%,与回流提取相当。匀浆提取法所用提取时间短,提取溶剂用量少,该法是一种高效、快速提取沙棘果总黄酮的方法。