植物根际促生菌普城沙雷菌A21-4对黄瓜生长及土壤微生态的影响

为探讨植物根际促生菌普城沙雷菌A21-4在黄瓜上的应用效果,将A21-4菌悬液灌注到黄瓜根际土壤,调查其对黄瓜生长发育和根际土壤微生态的影响。结果表明,根部灌注A21-4能显著促进苗期和田间生育期黄瓜生长发育,并显著提高根系活力、产量和品质,黄瓜产量比对照增加32.22%,且黄瓜果实中蛋白质、可溶性糖和VC含量均比对照显著增加;同时,A21-4对黄瓜根际土壤具有明显的调节作用,显著提高了黄瓜根际土壤脲酶、磷酸酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性,还提高了黄瓜根际土壤细菌和放线菌的数量及黄瓜根际土壤速效氮、磷、钾的含量。     

普城沙雷氏菌BU09的分离鉴定及其对疮痂链霉菌的防治效果

[目的]筛选马铃薯疮痂病的生防菌。[方法]从马铃薯疮痂病发病土壤中取样,经过稀释培养和二次划线纯化获得单克隆菌株,通过抑菌试验最终得到1株对马铃薯疮痂病具有较好抑制效果的细菌BU09,通过16S r DNA测序和系统进化分析对该菌株进行分子鉴定。[结果]细菌BU09属于普城沙雷氏菌,对马铃薯疮痂病具有较好的防治效果。[结论]试验结果为马铃薯疮痂病的田间防治提供了参考。     

东祁连山线叶嵩草内生细菌X4的产吲哚乙酸、解磷、抗菌和耐盐特性研究及分子鉴定

线叶嵩草内生细菌X4分离自东祁连山高寒草地,对其产吲哚乙酸、解磷、抗菌和耐盐特性及其分子生物学特性研究结果表明,其在含色氨酸的金氏培养基中分泌吲哚乙酸的量为50.74 mg/L,溶磷圈直径/菌落直径(D/d)值分别为3.23和4.31,对辣椒立枯丝核病菌、黄瓜枯萎病菌、油菜菌核病菌及番茄灰霉病菌都有抑制作用,且致菌丝生长畸形,菌落生长的酸碱度范围为7～10,耐NaCl溶液范围为<7%,菌体短杆状,革兰氏阴性,无芽孢,16S rDNA序列与普城沙雷氏菌(Serratia plymuthica)最为接近。该菌具有微生物杀菌剂、改良土壤等潜力。     

普城沙雷氏菌Z10发酵工艺参数的研究

通过对普城沙雷氏菌Z10(Serratia plymuthica)在发酵罐中的发酵温度、pH、通气量的研究,得出沙雷氏菌Z10发酵工艺的优化培养条件为:温度28℃、pH7.5、通气量1000L·h-1,在12h补加10%的培养基.在上述优化发酵条件下培养4h,沙雷氏菌Z10进入对数生长期,16h时达到稳定期,最终浓度可达10.632×1012个·mL-1.     

根际细菌与壳聚糖组合的生物防治潜能

以植物根际促生细菌HRO-C48为供试菌株,在温室条件下测定壳聚糖对番茄的促生作用以及HRO-C48与壳聚糖组合对该菌株生防潜能的影响,包括对番茄灰霉病的诱导抗病作用、对黄瓜猝倒病的生物防治效果。结果表明:壳聚糖对番茄的根系发育有明显促进作用;HRO-C48与壳聚糖组合后,具有明显的增效作用。诱导番茄对灰霉病的抗性水平有显著提高,同时也增强了对黄瓜猝倒病的生物防治效率。     

Biological control of potato soft rot caused by Dickeya solani and the survival of bacterial antagonists under cold storage conditions

Dickeya and Pectobacterium are responsible for causing blackleg of plants and soft rot of tubers in storage and in the field, giving rise to losses in seed potato production. In an attempt to improve potato health, biocontrol activity of known and putative antagonists was screened using in vitro and in planta assays, followed by analysis of their persistence at various storage temperatures. Most antagonists had low survival on potato tuber surfaces at 4 °C. The population dynamics of the best low-temperature tolerant strain and also the most efficient antagonist, Serratia plymuthica A30, along with Dickeya solani as target pathogen, was studied with TaqMan real-time PCR throughout the storage period. Tubers of three potato cultivars were treated in the autumn with the antagonist and then inoculated with D. solani. Although the cell densities of both strains decreased during the storage period in inoculated tubers, the pathogen population was always lower in the presence of the antagonist. The treated tubers were planted in the field the following growing season to evaluate the efficiency of the bacterial antagonist for controlling disease incidence. The potato endophyte S. plymuthica A30 protected potato plants by reducing blackleg development on average by 58.5% and transmission to tuber progeny as latent infection by 47–75%. These results suggest that treatment of potato tubers with biocontrol agents after harvest can reduce the severity of soft rot disease during storage and affect the transmission of soft rot bacteria from mother tubers to progeny tubers during field cultivation.     

根际细菌Serratia plymuthica HRO-C48的生防作用初探

 沙雷氏菌Serratia plymuthica HRO-C48分离自油菜根际,是一种产几丁质酶和IAA的植物根际促生细菌。离体抑菌活性测定表明,菌株HRO-C48具有广谱抗真菌活性。与12种测试的植物病原真菌平板对峙培养,产生大小不同的抑菌圈,说明可能通过产生抗生素抑制真菌生长。温室盆栽试验中,用HRO-C48菌悬液对番茄进行浸种和灌根处理,该菌在番茄植株根际能大量定殖,4周后根表和根际土壤中的菌量仍稳定在 1.0×10⁶ cfu/g 水平。在温室条件下,菌株HRO-C48可有效防治黄瓜猝倒病,防治效果达49.57;还能诱导番茄叶片对灰霉病的系统抗性,诱抗效果达44.45%。综合以上结果,说明菌株HRO-C48的生防作用可能依赖于抗生、溶菌、根际竞争、促生和诱导抗性等多种机制的组合。