Gonadal morphogenesis and sex differentiation in cultured chub mackerel,Scomber japonicus

The timing of primordial germ‐cell (PGC) migration with regard to the gonadal anlagen, gonad formation and sex differentiation was examined histologically in the chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) at 5–190 days post hatching (dph). At 5 dph, PGCs appeared on the peritoneal epithelium surface or in the mesentery, on the dorsal side of the abdominal cavity. By 10 dph, stromal cells around the PGCs proliferated. The gonadal primordium was formed by 15 dph. The gonadosomatic index was 0.01% at 30 dph and increased thereafter (0.32% in females and 0.04% in males at 160 dph). Ovarian differentiation occurred at 30–40 dph, indicated by ovarian cavity formation (elongation and fusion of the upper and lower ovarian edges). Meiosis was subsequently initiated. A few meiotic oocytes surrounded the cavity at 50 dph; most were in the perinucleolus stage at 60 dph and attained a diameter of 60–70 μm at 190 dph. Testicular differentiation occurred at 30 dph, indicated by the formation of the sperm duct primordium. Spermatogonia gradually proliferated, developing into spermatocytes at the chromatin–nucleolus stage (after 90 dph) and subsequently into spermatids and spermatozoa (160 dph). These data could aid the development of seeding and cell‐engineering technologies for scombrid fish.     

热泵干燥过程中竹荚鱼水分迁移特性

以竹荚鱼为试验材料,对热泵干燥过程中鱼片的内部温度分布和水分迁移特性进行了研究.结果表明:热泵干燥过程的大部分时段中(干燥中、后期),竹荚鱼片内部温度分布比较均匀,基本未呈现出整体性的温度梯度.干燥过程中,竹荚鱼片沿厚度方向存在含水率梯度,并且随着干燥温度、风速的变化而变化.热泵干燥前期,鱼体干燥速度取决于鱼体表面水分蒸发的速度;干燥后期,干燥速度取决于鱼体内部水分移动的速度.热泵干燥过程中,竹荚鱼片的水分迁移主要是含水率梯度的作用.     

Shelf-Life of Spanish Mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson) from Northern Australian Waters

Abstract

The shelf-life of Spanish mackerel caught by line fishing in Northern Australian waters was evaluated. Spiked fish were stored in ice either headed and gutted or left uncut and subjected to sensory, nucleotide, pH, histamine and microbial analysts and the rigor pattern recorded. There was little difference between the two product forms. Rigor in uncut fish lasted for 14 ± 9.8 hours and in headed and gutted fish for 19.6 ± 16.3 hours. Spanish mackerel retained good sensory quality for up to 14 days. The bacterial load reached 105 cfu/g by 18 days. K values were low for most of the storage time, < 40%. Histamine levels did not develop more than 10 mg/kg during storage. The pH of Spanish mackerel did not change much even though bacterial levels become high.     

冷冻鲅鱼的介电常数与射频解冻效果研究

基于27.12 MHz射频自跟踪平板电容式解冻系统的电气系统设计特点,对冷冻鲅鱼的介电常数模型、实部和虚部进行了分析研究。在分析研究冷冻鲅鱼的解冻时间、射频穿透深度的基础上,通过实验验证了射频解冻的质量优于微波解冻和一般常用的解冻方法。     

南太平洋常设委员会渔业管理趋势及对我国发展智利竹(竹夹)鱼渔业的影响初探

为解决我国大型加工拖网远洋船队集中北太平洋生产,造成经济效益滑坡的现象,经过连续三年的探捕活动,我国于2003年开始正式在东南太平洋公海捕捞生产智利竹笑鱼,而此区域处于南太平洋常设委员会(CPPS)的管辖范畴。为此简要介绍了智利竹笑鱼渔业状况、CPPS渔业管理趋势。分析了这些趋势对我国发展智利竹笑鱼渔业产生的影响,并提出了一些相应的对策与建议:(1)确保渔船遵守《执行协定》和《框架协议》的规定;(2)加强与智利方面的沟通;(3)健全情报体系,加强船员培训。     

浅谈资源租金理论及其在渔业中的应用

在综述地租理论、产权理论和公共物品外部性理论等自然资源租金理论的基础上,结合渔业资源的经济特性,提出了渔业资源租金的理论框架及其计算方法。渔业资源除稀缺性外,还具有再生性、洄游性、共享性等特性。由于具有共享性以及存在所有权和产权分离等问题,使得渔民在捕捞作业中只重视使用捕捞权利,而忽视对捕捞种类的养护,因此在自由入渔情况下捕捞生产中存在"市场失灵"和负外部性问题。针对上述问题,本文提出了在我国近海实施渔业资源租金管理制度的必要性和可行性;同时,借鉴国内外渔业资源租金研究方法,以近海鲐鱼(Scomber japanicus)资源为例,提出了鲐鱼资源租金计算的基本框架,为下一步深入研究打下基础。     

用剩余产量模型专家系统(CLIMPROD)评估东海鲐鲹鱼类最大持续产量

根据统计资料，利用剩余产量模型专家系统（CLIMPROD）对东海鲐鲹鱼类最大持续产量（MSY）作了评估分析。结果表明：东海鲐鲹鱼类合计分析时的MSY在34．5~44．2万吨之间，接种类分别评估时，鲐鱼的MSY为16．1万吨，蓝圆鲹为22．2万吨；按区域分析时，鲐鲹鱼东海北部群的MSY为12．5~13．2万吨，福建沿海群为20．1万吨。     

Vertical distribution of jack mackerel Trachurus japonicus larvae in the southern part of the East China Sea

ABSTRACT:   The vertical distribution of jack mackerel Trachurus japonicus larvae was described based on discrete depth sampling using a MTD net system from the surface down to 100 m depth at 13 stations in the southern East China Sea between 27 February and 10 March 2002. Of the 20 782 fish larvae collected, T. japonicus larvae were most abundant, accounting for 37.0% of the total catch. The average abundance of the larvae was 419.0 individuals/10 m², with the average (± standard deviation [SD]) body length of 2.6 ± 0.3 mm (range 1.8–7.5 mm). The larvae were concentrated in the mixed layer, with peak densities in the 10–30 m layer. The average (±SD) weighted mean depth was 21.5 ± 7.8 m. There was no evidence of either diel or ontogenetic vertical migration for the early larvae of <5 mm. More than 90% of the T. japonicus larvae were collected in the water temperature ranging from 21 to 23°C. Vertical profiles of the larval densities and chlorophyll a coincided with each other, which might reflect the abundance of their main prey organisms, copepod nauplii and copepodites, since copepod production is known to be closely related with the chlorophyll a concentration.     

智利外海渔场竹筴鱼资源分布特征

根据在智利 2 0 0海里专属经济区外海的渔场周年探捕调查 ,对智利竹鱼 (Trachurusmur phyi)单位努力量渔获量 (CPUE)的构成和季节变化及其资源分布特征进行了初步探讨。结果显示 ,竹鱼在智利外海分布广 ,30°～ 43°S ,78°～ 87°W海区均可形成拖网作业渔场。南半球冬季竹鱼密集分布区较偏南 (38°～43°S) ,8月密集分布区向北偏移至 35°～ 40°S,春季鱼群继续向北洄游至 30°～35°S ,并开始分散索饵 ,集群性较差 ,到翌年秋季再集群向南洄游 ,在 38°～ 43°S ,78°～ 85°W形成越冬场。CPUE以冬季最高 ,春、秋季次之 ,夏季最低。冬季以 6月份平均CPUE最高 ,达 1 5 .1 8t/h ,夏季以 3月份平均CPUE最低 ,仅 1 .1 2t/h。