Evaluation of Five Most Commonly Grown Cotton Cultivars (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Under Mediterranean Conditions: Productivity and Fibre Quality

Studies were conducted in four regions of central Greece (Larisa, Karditsa, Livadia, Thiva), to evaluate the productivity and fibre properties (fibre strength and fibre length) of the five most commonly grown cotton cultivars in these regions. The experiments lasted for 6 years (1995–2000). All the characteristics tested were strongly influenced by the factors ‘year’, ‘cultivar’ and ‘region’. Significant cultivar × region, year × cultivar, region × year and cultivar × region × year interactions occurred for all the characteristics studied. The cultivar Alegria had the highest seed‐cotton and lint yield, while Aria had the lowest ones. Both cultivars gave the highest mean lint percentage but the lowest mean boll weight (MBW). Alegria had the lowest fibre strength, while Aria had the highest. The Acala‐type cultivars, Acala SJ2 and Zeta 2, had intermediate seed‐cotton and lint yield, while Vered 171 had high seed‐cotton and satisfactory lint yield. The three cultivars mentioned above had the highest MBW and very good fibre strength. Positive correlation was observed between fibre strength and length. In spite of the fact that mean fibre length was statistically the same in all cultivars, it was influenced by the factor ‘year’, as a result of different weather conditions. The year 1996 was the most unfavourable one for seed‐cotton yield and MBW, because it was characterized by lower than average air temperatures and rather dry conditions for all study sites. The factor ‘region’, a combination of different climatic conditions and cultural practices, influenced significantly all the parameters studied.     

基于可见光机器视觉的棉花伪异性纤维识别方法

为提高皮棉质量和皮棉中异纤的检测精度,提出了一种基于机器视觉的棉花伪异性纤维识别方法。皮棉经过开松装置被制成薄棉层,检测通道两侧的相机对棉层进行拍摄,并将采集到的棉层及异纤和伪异纤图像保存到工控机,通过图像分块及阈值分割等算法,提取伪异纤目标区域,统计获取区域的数个颜色、形状和纹理特征,基于特征数据,分别使用BP神经网络、一对一有向无环图策略线性核函数支持向量机和径向基核函数支持向量机对两大类棉花杂质进行分类识别。实验结果表明,99.15%的伪异纤目标可被准确识别,径向基核函数支持向量机在棉花异纤和伪异纤分类识别中,总分类正确率为95.60%,能够满足在线检测的要求。     

Effects of N and K Fertilization on Cotton in Saline Soil

海涂棉花施用氮钾肥的田间试验于１９９５年在浙江省上虞市海涂实验场进行．试验结果表明，施用氮肥能大大促进棉花生长，显著增加棉花产量，而施用钾肥对棉花生长和产量无显著影响，这与土壤有效钾含量较高有关．从经济效果和产量来看，最适施氮量（Ｎ）为２７０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２．     

不同钾效率棉花基因型对低钾胁迫的反应

采用盆栽试验,对通过苗期筛选获得的4个(103、122、163、165)钾效率不同的棉花基因型进行全生育期试验,主要研究在不施钾(K2O 0 g.kg-1)与施钾(K2O 0.80 g.kg-1)条件下各部位钾含量、农艺性状、产量和纤维品质的反应。高效高潜基因型103结桃数最多,而脱落率最低;它的衣分高而子指较低,说明其能把较多养分转移到皮棉,以获得较高的经济产量;其单株皮棉产量在缺钾和施钾条件下分别是低效低潜基因型122的2.57倍和1.83倍;低效低潜基因型122的脱落率在各个时期均最高,结桃数最少,单铃重、子指、单株皮棉产量都是最小。103各个部位钾含量较低,122的钾含量则较高,说明103以较低的钾含量即能维持其正常的生长,这或许是其钾高效的因素之一;施钾显著提高了各个基因型的纤维整齐度、比强度、纤维长度和麦克隆值,但降低了伸长率;103衣分最高,纤维长度、整齐度、比强度、伸长率中等,麦克隆值施钾和缺钾分别是A1和C2级。122纤维长度为最高,衣分、整齐度、比强度中等,其伸长率最低,麦克隆值B1级。高效低潜基因型163、165的产量和纤维品质等表现中低水平。     

Effects of Genotypes and Plant Density on Yield, Yield Components and Photosynthesis in Bt Transgenic Cotton

Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) transgenic cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), including the introduced, indigenous Chinese non‐hybrid and hybrid cotton, is spreading very rapidly in China. Agronomic and photosynthetic performance as well as the optimum plant density for planting Bt cotton may vary with genotypes. With three types of commercial Bt cotton varieties, two field experiments were conducted to study yield performance and leaf photosynthetic rate (Pn) during 2000 and 2001, and yield interaction between variety and plant density during 2001 and 2002 in Yellow River region in northern China. The first experiment showed that the indigenous Chinese Bt cotton significantly differed from the introduced Bt cotton (IBtC) in plant growth and yield components. As a result of manipulation of boll numbers, boll weight and lint percentage, there was no significant difference in lint yield between Chinese non‐hybrid Bt cotton (CBtC) and the IBtC, but two Chinese hybrid Bt cotton (HBtC) varieties exhibited significantly higher lint yield than all other varieties in either 2000 or 2001. Hybrid cotton SCRC15 showed a one‐peak curvilinear change in diurnal course of Pn throughout the growing season, while non‐hybrid cotton 33B and SCRC16 exhibited severe mid‐day depression in Pn in squaring, flowering or boll‐setting stage. The second experiment showed that the main effect of plant population on lint yield was not significant, and yield difference among all treatments was derived from varieties and the interaction between plant density and variety. The optimal plant densities in terms of lint yield for the introduced, indigenous CBtC and HBtC genotypes were 6.0, 4.5 and 3.0 plants m^?2 respectively.     

棉花产量育种的数量性状分析

产量是棉花育种的主要目标之一，为提高棉花产量育种效率，本文从产量结构模式、产量与其构成因素的相关关系两方面，分析了与棉花产量育种有关的数量性状，并讨论了提高棉花产量遗传潜力的可能性     

亚麻枯萎病菌鉴定

亚麻枯萎病菌鉴定张志铭，刘信义，陈书龙，孙茜，王金月（河北农业大学）（河北农林科学院植保研究所）关键词亚麻枯萎病菌；鉴定；尖孢镰刀菌亚麻专化型；尖孢镰刀菌芬芳变种分类号Ｑ９４９．３３１．３ＩｄｅｎｔｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆＦｌａｘｗｉｌｔｐａｔｈｏｇｅ...     

高产品种陕棉6192皮棉产量增产分析

通过对陕西省棉花品种区域试验、棉花品种生产试验及大面积推广情况的调查研究表明。陕棉6192衣分较高为45％,单株结铃性较强,单株皮棉较多,皮棉产量高于对照中棉12为3.4％～37.94％;陕棉6192烂铃率、僵瓣率均较低,具有耐阴雨,抗烂铃特性;根系较深且发达,大旱之年不减产;因此,不同年份、不同气候、不同地区均能增产、稳产。     

Cotton lint yield variability in a heterogeneous soil at a landscape scale

Landscape variability associated with topographic features affects the spatial pattern of soil water and N redistribution, and thus N uptake and crop yield. A landscape-scale study was conducted in a center pivot irrigated field on the southern High Plains of Texas in 1999 to assess soil water, soil NO₃-N, cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) lint yield, and N uptake variability in the landscape, and to determine the spatial correlation between these landscape variables using a state-space approach. The treatments were irrigation at 50 and 75% cotton potential evapotranspiration (ET). Neutron access tubes were placed at a 15-m interval along a 710 m (50% ET) and 820 m (75% ET) transect across the field. Soil NO₃-N in early spring was autocorrelated at a distance varying between 60 and 80 m. Measured soil volumetric water content (WC), total N uptake, and lint yield were generally higher on lower landscape positions. Cotton lint yield was significantly correlated to soil WC (r=0.76), soil NO₃-N (r=0.35), and site elevation (r=−0.54). Differences of site elevation between local neighboring points explained the soil water, NO₃-N and lint yield variability at the micro-scale level in the landscape. Soil WC, cotton lint yield, N uptake, and clay content were crosscorrelated with site elevation across a lag distance of ±30–40 m. The state-space analysis showed that cotton lint yield was positively weighted on soil WC availability and negatively weighted on site elevation. Cotton lint yield state-space models give insights on the association of soil physical and chemical properties, lint yield, and landscape processes, and have the potential to improve water and N management at the landscape-scale.     

连续分期配施有机肥对棉花超高产及土壤肥力的影响

1997～ 1 999年定位施肥试验表明 ,在施N量为 592 5～ 60 0 0kg·hm- 2 (N∶P2 O3∶K2 O =1∶0 5∶0 6) ,有机肥N、P2 O5、K2 O分别占 1 0 0 %～ 1 2 4%、 50 3 %～ 51 0 %和 50 0 %的条件下 ,随着分期配施有机肥年限的增加 ,棉花果节数、结铃数、结铃率和皮棉产量均得到明显的提高 ,铃重和衣分也略有增加 ,土壤肥力也得了改善和提高。创棉花 2 2 50kg·hm- 2 高产 ,要求连续分期配施有机肥 2年以上 ,棉花六成铃区成铃比例皆在 1 0 %以上。