应用种间杂交方法进行谷子抗除草剂育种的初步研究

野生青狗尾草与中国栽培谷子进行杂交,并用浸有氟特力溶液的小培养皿进行发芽试验,快速鉴别F2代的抗除草剂性能。抗性被隐性基因控制,但更确切的结果有待进一步试验。氟特力不同用药量的选择试验表明,对氟特力抗性与敏感不同的谷子品种在 0~2.4 L/hm2 的处理表现不同,抗型品种的抗性大约是敏感型抗性的5倍。为我们选育谷子抗性新品种提供了依据。     

青花菜锌指蛋白基因BoCCCH1的克隆和表达分析

CCCH锌指蛋白广泛存在于真核生物中,在植物的生长、发育和逆境胁迫响应中起着重要作用。为获知青花菜CCCH转录因子基因的序列特征和表达特性,从青花菜叶片中克隆到1个CCCH基因,命名为Bo CCCH1,同时,利用RT-PCR方法研究了其在不同器官及霜霉菌侵染叶片中的表达模式。序列分析结果表明,Bo CCCH1的基因组全长为1 568 bp,包含1个长度为599 bp的内含子,2个长度分别为627 bp、342 bp的外显子,编码322个氨基酸,蛋白质的分子量与等电点分别为35 296.42 Da和8.47;Bo CCCH1有2个锌指结构,类型均为C-X8-C-X5-C-X3-H。系统发育分析结果表明,Bo CCCH1与其它植物的21条同源序列在进化树上分为6组,来自十字花科的CCCH与Bo CCCH1处于同一分支。基因表达结果表明,Bo CCCH1在叶、花茎、嫩角果、花蕾和花中表达,其中花茎和嫩角果的表达量最高,但在根中未检测到表达;在霜霉菌侵染下,叶片Bo CCCH1的表达量升高,到24 h和36 h时达到最大,推测Bo CCCH1与霜霉病抗性相关。本研究为进一步探明Bo CCCH1在霜霉病抗性反应中的功能奠定了基础。     

谷子抽穗时间基因SiTOC1的表达与单倍型变异分析

【目的】谷子抽穗时间的适应性表现是广适性新品种选育的基础,分析抽穗时间关键基因的遗传变异和单倍型效应,为品种适应性改良提供基础信息。【方法】通过全基因组关联分析（genome-wide association study,GWAS）,定位谷子抽穗时间关键基因SiTOC1,利用多组学数据库（multi-omics database for Setaria italica,MDSi）提供的SiTOC1数字表达量,分析SiTOC1的组织时空表达特性,并利用原生质体对SiTOC1蛋白进行亚细胞定位。采用qRT-PCR在短日（10 h光照/14 h黑暗）条件下进行SiTOC1 24 h节律表达模式分析。利用有代表性的99份谷子品种,分析SiTOC1编码区和启动子区的遗传多态性、单倍型以及转录水平,并对单倍型与抽穗时间的关系进行鉴定。【结果】在第1染色体物理位置31 456 761 bp处鉴定到了一个显著的关联信号,与抽穗时间紧密相关,该位点附近存在一个拟南芥抽穗期TOC1的同源基因SiTOC1。SiTOC1在光周期响应组织（根、茎、叶等）中高表达,亚细胞定位于细胞核,在傍晚表达量上调,呈现出24 h节律性表达模式。SiTOC1在不同谷子品种中存在丰富的多态性,但REC和CCT结构域高度保守。SiTOC1编码区2种主要单倍型H-2和H-6分别与启动子单倍型Hp-591C和Hp-591A共分离,其中,启动子单倍型Hp-591C较Hp-591A的相对表达量显著上调了约2.5倍（P=0.014）,并且该单倍型在三亚市、长治市和乌鲁木齐市3个环境下的抽穗时间分别平均延迟9、11和12 d。【结论】SiTOC1启动子区第591 bp处的SNP是引起抽穗时间差异的主效位点,单倍型Hp-591A较Hp-591C早熟,可作为主效单倍型用于分子育种选择。     

Pollen-mediated gene flow in an autogamous crop: Foxtail millet (Setavia italica)

Gene How is a key concern associated with the eonlamination of seed multiplication iields and the use of transgenic crops. The release of herbicide-resistant germplasnis and the use of male-sterile varieties make foxtail millet (Sviaria ilalicii) an appropriate material to inves-tigate this concern. Pollen dispersal from pollen donor sources and gene tlow in fertile and male-slerile varieties of fortail millet were investigated in experiments in China and France. Although foxtail millel is mainly autogamous (less than 2% oiitcrossing), pollen from a 5m diameter plot could fertilize a tertile variety up to 24 ni away, and a male-sterile variety up to 40m. Negative exponential and WeibuU fnnctions were used to tit the relationships between percentage and number i.A iubrids per cm of ear with distance from the pollen source. Wind velocity and direction resulted in variations of gene How intensity, but did nol change liie slope ofthe regression equations. Pollen competition for available target ovules was observed up to 2 m away from a 1 m diameter pollen source. The percentage of pollen grains that fertilized ovules outside the pollen donor source was 1.4% of the total pollen grain produetion. For every iflO pollen grains released under lieid conditions 1.5 seeds were produced. The probability funetion of pollen dispersal for one donor plant was calculated. It allowed predictions of gene How accord-ing to lield shapes, estimations of isolation distances to preserve /ariety purity against pollen contamination, and the fornuiiation of efficient male/female ratios Ibr hybrid seed production.     

Inheritance of sethoxydim resistance in foxtail millet, Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.

Interspecific hybridization between foxtail millet cultivars (Setaria italica) and a green foxtail (S. viridis) resistant to the herbicide sethoxydim were undertaken to breed foxtail millet for improved herbicide resistance. Parents, reciprocal F₁ hybrids, F₂ selfed derived populations and BC₁ backcross progeny were produced and analysed for mortality and fresh weight over a range of dosages. All resistant progeny were 700 times more resistant than susceptible cultivars and was symptom free under current field dosages. Segregations of resistant and susceptible progeny (3:1 in F₂ and 1:1 in BC₁) were not dependent upon dosage. Heterozygous individuals displayed the same magnitude of resistance as homozygous plants at twelve times the recommended field dosage. Results suggested that sethoxydim resistance in foxtail millet was controlled by a single, completely dominant, nuclear gene. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

谷子(Setaria italica)Ch4n×法氏狗尾草(S.faberii)杂种幼胚培养及杂种F_1的鉴定

1989年,进行了谷子(Setaria italica)Ch4n×法氏狗尾草位(S.fabeiii)的远缘杂交和杂种胚培养。共接种已授粉子房264个,得到22株苗,仅11株成活。试管苗经继代培养和繁殖,得到了大量的小植株,移栽成活并发育到成熟。经形态学和细胞学鉴定,其中有两个株系是杂种,杂种F_1的染色体数为2n=4x=36,花粉母细胞在减数分裂中期Ⅰ染色体配对不正常,染色体构型为(18-2)Ⅰ+(13-0)Ⅱ+(0-9)Ⅲ+(0-3)Ⅳ,后期染色体分离不正常,形成不正常的四分体和微型小孢子,花粉败育。F_1高度不育,其形态特征介于双亲之间,植株在许多性状上都与父本法氏狗尾草相似,而与母本相差较远。     

Potential for Selection in the Progeny of an Interspecific Hybrid in Foxtail Millet

Genetic variation for morphology and grain yield components was studied in the F₂ and 14 F₃ families of an interspecific cross of Setaria italica (foxtail millet) with S. viridis s. s. (green foxtail). It appeared possible to recover the cultivated type using a simple selection procedure in F₂ and F₃. Comparison with a cross involving S. viridis var. major (giant green foxtail) is discussed.     

赤霉素和脱落酸对谷子黄化幼苗中胚轴伸长生长的调节

对冀谷１１号及矮秆突变体矮宁黄、ＣＨ８４１１３黄化幼苗中胚轴伸长生长的研究发现，０．１μｍｏｌ／Ｌ左右的赤纱和脱落酸可显著促进谷子中胚轴的伸长，其中ＧＡ３的效应高于ＧＡ１的ＡＢＡ和ＧＡ之间有叠加效应，矮秆突变体对ＧＡ和ＡＢＡ的反应尤为敏感；Ｓ－３３０６７和高浓度的ＧＡ、ＡＢＡ抑制中胚轴的伸长，Ｓ－３３０７预处理使的效应延缓，并且使ＡＢＡ不再表现出促进效应。