健身与竞技

本文论述了健身与竞技及其联系、区别、宣传全民健身计划、奥运争光计划.重健身,提高人体素质,显示竟技水平,展示中华民族之神气,促进人类文明进步.     

Models to Separate Daily Diffuse Radiation from Daily Total Radiation for Energy Consumption Analysis of Air-Conditioning System

Both total irradiation and diffuse irradiation are necessary to building energy consumption analysis. At the most cases in China,only total irradiation is available. So some method is needed to estimate diffuse irradiation. Relationship between daily diffuse irradiation and daily total irradiation is analyzed, based on data form Beijing and Chengdu.Polynomial models for Beijing and Chengdu are established to estimate K d form K t . Validation tests show good performance of the models. Monthly means of predicted daily diffuse irradiation is not significantly different from that of the original daily diffuse irradiation. Also,the auto_correlation function of the predicted diffuse fraction, K d is coincident with that of the original K d . Beijing model can accurately predict the data of Chengdu,which is significantly different from Beijing as to the climate,so it is recommended as the general model.     

Analysis of downy mildew data on field pea: an empirical comparison of two logistic models

In the years 2002–2005, special trials concerning the level of infection of pea varieties by downy mildew were performed in Poland. In these trials, the large number of varieties were tested in many locations (environments), separately on reach and light soils. Obtained trial data are unique because of the large scale of the performed investigations and also for the fact that all the observations were made by the same observer. In a paper, two methods of statistical analysis of such (ordered) data are compared.

Several models have been proposed for the statistical interpretation of ordinal data. One of the most popular is the cumulative-type fixed logistic model. In the present work, using two field pea data sets, we considered whether adding random effects to the simple logistic model can improve inference. It was investigated whether there is any difference between the decisions concerning varieties resulting from the simple logistic model and the proposed mixed logistic model. The two models were also compared in terms of goodness of fit. According to two applied goodness-of-fit statistics, the mixed model performed better in all the cases. Statistical analysis (what is important for practical agriculture) enabled identification of the most resistant and the most susceptible variety from the analyzed set of cultivars.     

考虑摩擦特性时过盈量对轴承预紧力的影响

针对航天机构中轴承轴向预紧力精确确定的问题,基于静力学和弹性力学,在考虑配合尺寸、摩擦特性的基础上,研究了轴承预紧力与拧紧力矩的关系。利用锁紧螺母拧紧力矩与轴向力的关系,确定施加于轴承上的轴向力;根据摩擦力与摩擦特性及装配尺寸的关系,分析摩擦力对轴向力的截留作用;通过轴承力平衡方程组,对实际预紧力进行理论分析。文中研究了配合尺寸及摩擦特性对预紧力的影响,揭示了不同装配下预紧力随拧紧力矩的变化规律。研究结果表明:对轴承71807C预紧力结果进行分析,发现相同拧紧力矩下,过盈量增0.5μm,轴向力中约有123 N的力被截留;且摩擦系数增加0.05,轴向力截留率增大约13%。过盈量越大,轴承与主轴间摩擦力对轴向力的截留作用越大,预紧力对应的拧紧力矩越大;相比加热炉加热,油槽加热降低了配合区域的摩擦系数,加载相同的拧紧力矩时使轴承预紧力较大。经试验验证,该理论分析可以确定施加的预紧力,又可以提高装配质量。该研究建立预紧力测量的理论计算模型,并可用此模型较精确地确定预紧力,为轴承预紧力设计和装配提供参考。     

刺糖多孢菌分批发酵动力学研究

利用摇瓶培养试验研究了刺糖多孢菌Saccharopolyspora spinosa的分批培养过程中生物量、培养液pH、葡萄糖消长、多杀菌素含量等因素的变化规律。利用MATLAB软件对试验数据进行非线性回归，拟合出了细胞生长动力学模型、基质消耗动力学模型和产物生成动力学模型，得到了细胞生长量、残糖量、多杀菌素产量在发酵过程中随时间变化的规律，相关系数分别为0．98934、0．99266和0．98635．拟合曲线95％置信度区间分析的结果表明，该模型能够很好的反映出刺糖多孢菌分批发酵的过程．     

弹性蛋白酶分批发酵动力学模型的建立

对70L发酵罐内Bacillus sp.EL31410分批发酵动力学模型进行了研究。在Logistic方程和Luedeking-Piret方程的基x础上,建立了弹性蛋白酶分批发酵动力学模型。根据实验数据确定了模型参数,得到菌体生长动力学模型为dx/dt=0.180(1-x/9.77)x,弹性蛋白酶生产动力学模型为dp/dt=-dx/dt=4.278x以及葡萄糖消耗动力学模型-ds/dt=0.03(dx/dt)-7.53x。将模型预测值与实验值进行比较,结果表明模型具有良好的适用性。     

瘦身健身运动处方对超重及肥胖大学生锻炼效果的分析

目的：探讨瘦身健身运动处方锻炼对超重、肥胖大学生身体的影响。方法：24名超重、肥胖大学生在课外体育活动中按瘦身健身运动处方坚持锻炼8周(每周3次,每次40min)．测定实验者身体形态指标和机能指标。结果：锻炼后不仅能减轻实验者体重,降低脂肪含量,改善体形和身体成分,还能保持瘦体重．提高身体素质．增强心功能。结论：大学生可以根据自身的体形与体质特点选择有针对性的瘦身健身运动处方进行锻炼。     

高职园林施工图绘制课程教学模式探索简

园林施工图绘制课程是园林设计、园林工程专业的核心课。为培养“零距离”上岗人材，园林施工图绘制课程应按工作过程顺序教学模式，深入研究课程内容、教学组织、课程考核等问题，建立以项目需求为导向的教学模式。     

国家级茶树良种的烘青及炒青绿茶适制性探讨

为筛选适宜制作烘、炒青绿茶的茶树品种,试验分析了‘翠峰’、‘迎霜’、‘舒茶早’、‘凫早二号’和‘祁门槠叶种’等5个国家级良种烘、炒青绿茶的适制性。结果显示：（1）呈味物质含量在5个品种之间存在显著性差异;其中,‘祁门槠叶种’和‘凫早二号’的咖啡碱含量较高,但‘凫早二号’烘青绿茶滋味醇厚,且香气突出;‘迎霜’品种有着较高的酚氨比和酚碱比,其加工为炒青绿茶后,滋味醇厚较爽,且香气较好;‘舒茶早’品种的茶多酚和水浸出物含量较低,虽然其烘青滋味较好,但香气不佳;5 个茶树品种中,烘、炒青绿茶适制性最好的是‘翠峰’品种;（2）本试验分析得出了呈味物质与审评得分的相关性,为今后茶树品种的适制性研究提供一定的经验。     

稗草对双季稻生长的影响及其防除经济阈值研究

稗草是中国南方双季稻稻田的恶性杂草,对水稻生产造成严重威胁。为明确稗草对双季稻生长的影响及其经济危害允许水平,采用添加系列试验和模型拟合的方法研究了不同稗草密度下水稻生长与产量性状的变化规律。结果表明,在稗草的竞争干扰下,双季早、晚稻的株高、分蘖数、有效穗数、每穗实粒数、千粒重及产量均随稗草密度的增加而逐渐降低。指数模型y=be^ax可以较好地拟合稗草对早稻分蘖数、有效穗数和产量的影响,而二次曲线模型y=ax²+bx+c拟合稗草与株高、每穗实粒数、千粒重和产量损失间的关系最佳;二次曲线模型y=ax²+bx+c均可较好地拟合稗草与晚稻株高、分蘖数、有效穗数、每穗实粒数、千粒重、产量和产量损失间的关系。稻田使用化学除草剂(丁草胺、二氯喹啉酸、五氟磺草胺)防除时,双季早、晚稻稻田稗草的经济危害水平分别为1.64%~2.91%和1.28%~2.28%,经济阈值分别为0.63~1.23株/m²和1.30~1.85株/m²。稗草对水稻生长有抑制作用, 并导致水稻产量损失;通过对经济阈值分析,化学除草剂防治稗草具有明显的经济优势。