Induction of an alloplasmic male-sterile Brassica oleracea by substituting cytoplasm from ‘Early Scarlet Globe’ radish (Raphanus sativus)

Summary Alloplasmic male-sterile Brassica oleracea L. was synthesized in a backcrossing program through amphidiploid Raphanobrassica by using Early Scarlet Globe radish (Raphanus sativus L.) as the donor of cytoplasm and B. oleracea broccoli and cabbage as recurrent pollen parents. Persistence of radish chromosomes and high female sterility were encountered in the first four backcrosses. Following use of colchiploid 4x broccoli as pollen parent, a BC₅ plant was obtained that had 2n=3x+1=28 chromosomes, improved seed set, and no radish traits. The BC₆ with recurrent 2x broccoli contained male-sterile plants with 2n=18 or 19 chromosomes, increased seed set, and broccoli morphology. Subsequent generations segregated for male-sterile and restored male-fertile plants, some with variable development of stamens and pollen. Leaf color of the alloplasmic plants, especially seedlings, was lighter green than normal.     

The use of an evolutionary scheme for cauliflowers in the screening of genetic resources

Summary A hypothetical scheme is given for the evolution of the different types of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.). This has been useful in identifying sources of reduced susceptibility to cabbage root fly (Delia radicum (L.)), and may also be useful in the search for reduced susceptibility to clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae Woron.). It is argued that knowledge of the phylogeny of types within each crop species is of great importance in the exploitation of genetic resources.     

Height,competition and yield potential in winter wheat

Summary A monogenic dominant male sterility is used for hybrid production in autumn and winter cauliflower. The ratio of male sterile plants in the backcross progenies of autumn cauliflower was 1:1 over five years (1987–1991). However, a significant deficit of male sterile plants was observed in the winter type over the same period.The influence of the temperature on the male sterile phenotype was studied within backcross progenies planted inside polythene tunnels. Six classes of phenotype were defined during the flowering period (from May to November). At low temperature, some male sterile plants developed partial to complete male fertility, whereas at high temperature, male fertile plants became male sterile.Segregation among the progenies of self-pollinated unstable male sterile plants did not deviate from the expected 3:1 ratio. Plants homozygous for the male sterility allele have been revealed by test crosses with a male fertile plant.For use in seed production, stable male sterile plants are vegetatively maintained; however, crossing lines isogenic except at the MS locus would allow male sterile plants to be raised from seed.     

花椰菜花球和植株性状的遗传与相关分析

利用包括基因与环境互作的加性-显性遗传模型对6个花椰菜品种(系)完全双列杂交试验的2 a观察资料进行花球性状与植株性状的遗传效应与相关分析.结果表明,年份间的环境差异对亲本和F1的表现影响较小;单球重、球径、球高、可溶性固形物含量、蛋白质含量、总糖含量和VC含量等花球性状以加性效应为主,普通狭义遗传率较高(53.37%-74.45%),株高、株幅和叶片数等植株性状以显性效应为主,且具有较大的环境互作效应,互作狭义遗传率较高(11.79%-37.27%);花球性状与植株性状间的各效应协方差分析表明,成对性状间的相关同时受到遗传主效应相关与环境互作相关的影响,相关性质和大小因性状不同而异,在间接选择时可加以利用,有助于对这些性状进行同步改良.     

调环酸钙对花椰菜幼苗生长及徒长防控效果的影响

幼苗徒长问题严重影响幼苗质量,因此,有效防止幼苗徒长对花椰菜育苗意义重大。该研究以花椰菜为试验对象,共设有9个处理,在不同时期喷施不同浓度的调环酸钙(Pro-Ca),研究对花椰菜苗期生长的影响。结果表明,合适时间喷施一定浓度调环酸钙可有效抑制花椰菜幼苗株高,提高茎粗、生长函数(G值)、根冠比和壮苗指数,提升壮苗质量;此外还会提高叶片的叶绿素含量、净光合速率、蒸腾速率、细胞间隙CO₂浓度、气孔导度,促进光合作用;但对花椰菜幼苗的根系形态特性没有显著影响(P>0.05)。综合分析表明,A1B2组即幼苗齐苗时(播种后1周)施用150 mg·L^-1调环酸钙效果最好。因此,合理施用调环酸钙可有效调控幼苗株型,提高幼苗素质,利于壮苗培育。     

花椰菜“坐球高度”性状的主基因+多基因遗传分析

“坐球高度”是评价花椰菜品种是否适合机械化采收的重要农艺性状之一。为了解析花椰菜“坐球高度”性状的遗传规律,使用早熟、紧实型花椰菜F₇代自交系ZAASC4101与芥蓝F₆代自交系ZAASJ1401为亲本构建了包括P₁、P₂、F₁、F₂、B₁、B₂的6个联合世代群体,利用主茎高度(六世代群体)和叶痕间距(F₂群体)两个指标来锚定“坐球高度”性状。研究结果表明,F₂群体中主茎高度与叶痕间距数值呈极显著相关(相关系数为0.652),并且这两个指标均为连续性的近似正态分布,符合数量遗传的特征;主茎高度的六世代群体遗传分析和叶痕间距的F₂群体遗传分析结果均表明,花椰菜“坐球高度”性状的最适遗传模型为:两对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因遗传模型,表明该性状主要受两对主基因+多个微效基因的控制,并且遗传率达到97.84%。因此,可以利用连锁分子标记在早期世代对花椰菜“坐球高度”性状进行辅助选择和遗传改良。综上,本研究结果为进一步定位和挖掘控制花椰菜“坐球高度”性状的关键基因,最终利用生物技术手段育成适宜机械化采收的花椰菜新品种奠定了前期研究基础。     

农大哥和AM生物菌肥对花椰菜产量和效益的影响

研究了农大哥和AM生物菌肥对高原夏菜花椰菜产量及效益的影响。结果表明:在减少10%化学肥料的基础上每667 m2施入5 kg农大哥复合生物肥或1 000 mL AM生物菌肥,花椰菜植株长势良好,可促进同化产物向花球输送,增加花球单重,增产效果显著,增产率分别为13.9%1、9.4%,667 m2增收428.5元5、98.6元,经济效益可观。     

松花菜新品种鹿松90天的选育

鹿松90天是温州市神鹿种业有限公司以自交不亲和系12号为母本、自交系BH81为父本配制而成的松花型花椰菜一代杂种,从定植到采收约90 d,每667 m2产量2 800 kg左右。在浙江省温州、杭州、金华、温岭等地试种表现高产稳产、优质、抗逆性强,同时,北京、湖北、河南、四川、甘肃等省市试种结果表明,其适合在东南沿海和黄河流域作中熟栽培。     

富硒花椰菜可溶性蛋白质和多糖中硒含量分析

应用土培盆栽方式,研究了施硒对花椰菜硒含量的影响,以及硒的分布和赋存形态.结果表明,在土壤施硒量为8.0～24.0mg·kg-1时,花椰菜茎、叶及花球中的含硒量随施硒量的增加而显著增加;在花球中,硒主要以蛋白质硒和多糖硒两种生物有机硒形式赋存,二者分别可达25.69μg·g-1和17.27μg·g-1,分别占总硒含量的72.16%～86.63%、8.67%～10.00%.