朝阳市酿酒葡萄‘威代尔’虫害调查初报

作者针对朝阳地区酿酒葡萄主要虫害种类及发生规律进行调查研究,以便有针对性进行防治。调查研究发现,主要虫害种类有短须螨、蓟马和蒙古灰象甲,发生高峰期在早春,所以虫害防治重点在葡萄出土上架时期。     

Is partial root-zone drying an effective irrigation technique to improve water use efficiency and fruit quality in field-grown wine grapes under semiarid conditions?

We investigated the effects of partial root-zone drying (PRD) applied at different periods on leaf water relations, vegetative development, fruit yield, must and wine quality in wine grapes (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Monastrell) during a 3-year field experiment in order to determine the importance of the timing of PRD application on physiological and agronomical vine response under semiarid conditions. Two irrigation treatments were applied: conventional drip irrigation (CI) and PRD. Both treatments received the same annual water quantity. Each year the PRD treatment was applied at different periods of the growth cycle. In 1999 PRD was applied from veraison to harvest (end July–early September); in 2000 from fruit set to harvest (mid June–early September); and in 2001 PRD from budburst to harvest (mid April–early September). Leaf water relations and gas exchange during the experimental period were not significantly affected by PRD treatment. In 1999 and 2000 there was no significant treatment effect on vegetative development, yield or fruit quality. However, in 2001 (when PRD was applied from budburst to harvest), reproductive and vegetative development was clearly altered in PRD vines. Fruit set percentage and vegetative development (shoot length, pruning weight and primary and lateral leaf area) were significantly increased in PRD vines compared to CI. This resulted in both higher yield (kg per vine) (43%) and water use efficiency (40%) compared to CI vines. Berry number per cluster and cluster weight were also significantly increased in PRD vines. Notwithstanding higher yield in PRD vines and a similar berry size, the must and wine quality was not significantly altered, indicating a higher synthesis and accumulation of photoassimilates and metabolites in the berries of PRD vines. We conclude that there was an positive effect on vegetative and reproductive growth when long-term PRD was applied from the beginning of growing season (budburst), suggesting that early onset of PRD is desirable to intensify PRD response under these semiarid conditions. Nevertheless from these results we need to further investigate the long- and short-term effects of PRD, with moderate water amounts, on vegetative and reproductive development such as flowering and fruit set processes in wine grapes.     

酿酒葡萄延迟栽培方式的研究

利用西昌地区丰富的光热资源，以3年生真芳德和梅尔诺为试材，2000年在西昌正大葡萄试验园进行了酿酒葡萄延迟栽培的研究。摘除一次花序，对新梢分别在花后20、40、60、80d进行中梢修剪，逼迫冬芽萌发结果。结果表明：真芳德具有较强的冬芽副梢结果能力。在延迟栽培条件下，两品种的果实成熟期可推迟到11月上中旬。单株产量、果实可溶性固形物含量和总糖的最大值均出现在花后60d的处理中；各处理滴定酸均高于对照；出汁率随处理时间延迟而降低。两品种花后40、60和80d处理的果实黑痘病和白腐病的发生均低于对照。冬芽副梢成熟度良好。结果表明，延迟栽培能够有效调节葡萄成熟期并改善原料质量，但同时也造成产量的下降和生产周期的加长。     

气象条件对酿酒葡萄若干品质因子的影响

根据2004-2005年北方6省酿酒葡萄主要产区葡萄取样和宁夏芦花台园艺场田间试验资料，分析了影响酿酒葡萄主要品质因子总糖、总酸、pH值和单宁积累的气象因子和影响时段，并建立了关系模式，提出了影响酿酒葡萄品质的定量气象指标。研究结果表明：酿酒葡萄品质与气象条件密切相关，主要影响因子是降水量、积温和气温日较差等。影响酿酒葡萄品质形成的关键时期是7-8月（幼果膨大-果实着色期），其次是果实着色期-成熟期。7—8月降水量和水热系数对酿酒葡萄总糖含量的影响最大，7-8〉130mm，K7-8〉1．62时，总糖含量不能达到170g／L（酿优质酒所需最低糖度）。酿酒葡萄总酸含量与果实采收前一个月水热系数呈幂指数关系，随水热系数增加，含酸量缓慢增加。因此，要使酿酒葡萄果实中酸含量达到5～6g／L，则果实采收前一个月的水热系数应在0．12～0．63。酿酒葡萄中单宁含量与开花-成熟期积温、8月平均气温、9月l日到果实采收期日较差和采收前一个月平均最低气温呈指数关系，与8月日照时数呈二次曲线关系。酿酒葡萄果实的pH值随开花-成熟期平均最高气温和果实膨大期蒸发量的增加而增加。     

半干旱气候区优质高效酿酒葡萄栽培技术

从整地、品种选择、苗木定植、树体管理、病虫害防治、采收、埋土越冬等方面介绍了半干旱气候区青铜峡市酿酒葡萄提质增效的栽培技术。     

葡萄酒苹果酸-乳酸发酵细菌生理特性研究进展

苹果酸-乳酸发酵能专一地分解葡萄酒中的苹果酸,提高葡萄酒风味和适口性,并能提高葡萄酒生物稳定性。介绍了引起苹果酸-乳酸发酵的乳酸细菌种类,苹果酸-乳酸细菌的分离培养,生态学以及影响苹果酸-乳酸发酵的环境因素,并讨论了现代发酵工程技术在苹果酸-乳酸发酵方面的应用。     

不同地区酿酒葡萄成熟度与葡萄酒质量的研究

研究结果表明，适期采收能达到葡萄酒质与量的统一。成熟期昼夜温差和不同降水量是造成陕西丹凤，杨陵和甘肃武威３地葡萄成熟度差异的主要原因，并由此导致葡萄酒质量的差异。在甘肃武威生态条件下，雷司令的最佳成熟度为：含糖量１９９．２ｇ／Ｌ，糖酸比２６．４９；而法国兰则为；含糖量１９４ｇ／Ｌ，糖酸比２７．２。     

不同架式对四师67团酿酒葡萄生长发育和果实品质的影响

[目的]探索适宜当地"赤霞珠"葡萄优质、高效生产的架式与树形.[方法]以2年生"赤霞珠"葡萄品种为试材,研究了传统"篱架"、"V"型架对伊犁67团"赤霞珠"葡萄节间生长情况、果实相关品质的影响.[结果]采用"V"型架的整形方式可显著增加结果枝的节间长度,降低节间粗度;增加可溶性固形物、总酚、总花色素含量,降低可滴定酸和单宁含量;显著地增加单穗重、单粒重、果实纵横径、每棵树结果数.[结论]"V"型架在品质、产量均优于篱架,对当地酿酒葡萄的发展具有一定的指导和理论意义.     

H2CN2和CaCN2对酿酒葡萄萌芽开花及成熟期的影响

试验于2001年10月-2002年8月在攀枝花进行。处理药剂及其浓度为16.7?CN2、0.5%~2.0%H2CN2、0.5%~2.0%H2CN2 1%吐温80;处理时期为12月25日、1月10日、1月25日。最佳处理时间是1月10日;最佳处理组合是1.0%H2CN2 1.0%吐温80,霞多丽、佳美、梅尔诺、黑虎香分别提前萌芽16、13、11、4d;提前成熟17、13、14、6d;提高萌芽率4%、12%、17%、9%;芽眼成枝率提高40%、29%、37%、12%;提高果枝率为9%、8%、28%、4%,提高结果系数7%、7%、37%、3%。不同品种对处理反应有差异,对照黑虎香有药害现象。