鸡大肠杆菌O78对喹诺酮类药物高耐药株的分子鉴定

就临床分离的鸡大肠杆菌O78对喹诺酮类药物的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）进行了测定，得到对喹诺酮类药物有不同耐药水平的细菌23株。根据GenBank已公布的QRDRs序列，设计了分剐扩增gyrA、gyrB、parC和parE基因的4对引物，以筛选的23株耐药菌DNA为模板，进行了PCR扩增。序列分析及AcrA的Western blotting检测结果表明，临床分离的鸡大肠杆菌对喹诺酮类药物的耐药水平与GyrA和ParC的突变密切相关，而AcrAB外输泵的表达水平无显著变化。提示临床分离的鸡大肠杆菌O78的耐药水平与喹诺酮类药物的选择性压力有关，它诱导了DNA旋转酶和拓扑异构酶IV的基因突变，可能不能激活AcrAB外输泵。     

青麻叶大白菜新品种秋玉78的选育

秋玉78是由两个青麻叶类型自交不亲和系F115-93和L132配制而成的中熟大白菜一代杂种。生育期75d(天)左右,叶球高桩直筒形,株高58cm,结球紧实,球高52cm,单球质量3.5~4.0kg;株型紧凑直立,叶片浓绿油亮,核桃纹适中,中肋绿色;高抗病毒病、软腐病,抗霜霉病,耐贮性好,商品性好,粗纤维含量少;每667m2净菜产量7300~7800kg,已在天津、河北、内蒙古、山东、山西、云南等地推广种植520hm2。     

水稻三系不育系T78A繁殖技术

根据2009—2011年T78A在将乐县的繁殖实践,概述了该不育系的特征特性;总结了应注重培育带蘖壮秧,父母本靠插不靠发,科学肥水管理,及时防治病虫害,适时适量喷施"九二○",加强人工辅助授粉,严格除杂保纯等高产繁殖技术。     

Vineyard Compost Supplemented with Trichoderma Harzianum T78 Improve Saline Soil Quality

Understanding soil degradation is especially important in the Mediterranean Region where desertification is a serious problem, and soil salinization is one of the causes. Salinity reduces soil quality, limits crop productivity and brings on long term soil degradation. Therefore the restoration of degraded soils is necessary to reduce land degradation, improve soil fertility and achieve a sustainable food production. The addition of compost supplemented with the beneficial microorganism Trichoderma harzianum isolate T78 to saline soils (NaCl) was studied to determine the impact on soil microbiology, which is the key to restore and rehabilitate degraded soils. The selected Trichoderma harzianum isolate T78 showed high salt tolerance despite the low osmotolerance of the genus Trichoderma . Increasing salt concentration reduced Trichoderma sp colony‐forming units (CFU) from natural soil and adversely affected soil microbial biomass C as well as dehydrogenase, β‐glucosidase, phosphatase and urease activities. Simultaneous amendment of the saline soil with compost and inoculation with T. harzianum T78 improved the soil microbiological quality; the number of T. harzianum T78 CFU did not decrease as NaCl increased. As T. harzianum strain T78 is salt tolerant, increasing the relative abundance of this specific strain would contribute to the rehabilitation of saline soils. Vineyard composts supplemented with T. harzianum T78 represent a promising approach for the treatment and improvement of saline soil properties. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

优质早稻T78优2155综合高产栽培技术研究

T78优2155是福建省三明市农科所育成的杂交早稻新组合,已通过福建、广西、广东省品种审定委员会的审定。为了探讨其高产栽培技术,运用最优设计,对优质早稻T78优2155进行移栽叶龄、密度和施N量3项栽培措施研究。建立产量与3项栽培措施的回归模型。分析了栽培措施对产量的影响,结果表明,3项措施对产量都有影响。并经微机模拟筛选出高产的技术措施是:4.0￣5.2叶移栽,每公顷插16.5￣31万丛,施纯N量155￣212kg。     

Learning in context through conflict and alignment: Farmers and scientists in search of sustainable agriculture

This article analyzes learning in context through the prism of a sustainable dairy-farming project. The research was performed within a nutrient management project that involved the participation of farmers and scientists. Differences between heterogeneous forms of farmers knowledge and scientific knowledge were discursively constructed during conflict and subsequent alignment over the validity and relevance of knowledge. Both conflict and alignment appeared to be essential for learning in context. Conflict spurred learning when disagreeing groups of actors developed their knowledge in order to strengthen their arguments. Conflict caused self-referentiality when the actors no longer listened to each other. This inhibited self-reflection, thus blocking ongoing learning. Nevertheless, after a period of alignment, scientific models and knowledge of farmers were reevaluated and recontextualized. Through determining how to use scientific models and farmers knowledge for further learning, aimed at a shared goal, the participating actors also learned how to learn.Jasper Eshuis is a PhD candidate in the Department of Communication Management at Wageningen University, The Netherlands. His research deals with multiple land use, governance processes, and farmers decision-making. He is currently interested in monitoring and trust.Marian Stuiver is a PhD candidate in the Department of Rural Sociology of Wageningen University, The Netherlands. Her current research focuses on nutrient management, farmers innovation, and co-production of knowledge within the agricultural sciences.     

PI3K/Akt regulates endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated GRP78 induction

AIM: To investigate the effect of PI3K/Akt pathway on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) induction in human embryonic kidney 293 cells (HEK293) cells.METHODS: PI3K inhibitor LY294002, dominant negative kinase-dead mutant vector for HA-Akt (K179M) and Akt1 siRNAs were used to block the PI3K/Akt pathway under ER stress. Constitutively active expression vectors for Akt (myr-HA-Akt) were used to up-regulate Akt activity under ER stress. The effects of PI3K/Akt on ER stress-mediated GRP78 induction in HEK293 cells were determined by Western blotting and RT-PCR. RESULTS: GRP78 induction was inhibited by LY294002, Akt1 (K179M) and Akt1 siRNA, but was increased by myr-Akt1 in dithiothreitol-and thapsigargin-treated HEK293 cells. However, both myr-Akt2/3 and Akt2/3 siRNA had no effect on GRP78 induction in HEK293 cells under ER stress. Furthermore, the PI3K/Akt pathway didnt regulated GRP78mRNA induction but increased GRP78 protein stability.CONCLUSION: PI3K/Akt promotes GRP78 accumulation through increasing the stability of GRP78 protein in HEK293 cells under ER stress.     

优质红绿茶兼用品种78-35选育研究

78-35是江西省蚕桑茶叶研究所的科研人员于1978年春，从群体茶园自然变异体中单株选择，无性繁殖培育成的新品种，经品系比较，性状鉴定，生化分析，适制性研究和生产试验示范，表明具有发芽早，芽叶茸毛多，适制银针，毛峰类名茶和大宗绿茶、红茶、产量高且品质优；抗寒性强，抗病虫能力也较强以及适应性广的优点。     

crp缺失对猪霍乱沙门氏菌强弱毒株毒力的影响

猪霍乱沙门氏菌C500株是用化学方法将强毒株C78-1致弱,用于预防仔猪副伤寒的弱毒疫苗株,虽具有较好的免疫原性,但仍有一定的残余毒力。SC-1是临床分离的猪霍乱沙门氏菌强毒株。为了研制更加安全的弱毒株,利用重组自杀性质粒通过接合转移的方法构建了猪霍乱沙门氏菌C500株、C78-1及SC-1的crp缺失株。C78-1、crp-C78-1、SC-1、crp-SC-1、C500、crp-C500 6个毒株经小鼠毒力试验检测。LD50结果显示,crp缺失对猪霍乱沙门氏菌的毒力影响不大,毒力只是略为降低,其中以crp-C500株毒力最弱。综上所述,可以选用crp-C500株毒株作为猪霍乱沙门氏菌弱毒疫苗株的选择。     

葡萄糖调节蛋白78研究进展

葡萄糖调节蛋白78(Glucose regulated protein 78ku, GRP78)又称免疫球蛋白重链结合蛋白(Immunoglobulin heavy chain binding protein, Bip),是位于内质网上的一种重要分子伴侣,属热休克蛋白70家族的一员,GRP78分子及其DNA分子序列结构在许多生物物种中高度保守.GRP78在内质网中参与阻止内质网新生肽聚集、调节内质网钙稳态、抗内质网相关性细胞凋亡以及启动未折叠蛋白反应等.近年来发现,GRP78与多种疾病发生发展密切相关,GRP78生物学功能研究已经引起广泛关注.