酵母基因表达调控关系的构建及其统计特性分析

[目的]从复杂网络的角度研究酵母细胞周期调控网络的统计特性。[方法]首先对酵母的细胞周期基因表达数据采用皮尔逊相关性度量,计算基因间的关联矩阵,即建立简单的基因调控网络;同时为了能够得到在宏观角度对大规模的基因调控有一个全貌的了解,进一步分析所建立调控网络的统计特性,通过计算所建立网络的统计特性：即计算网络的聚类系数、平均路径长度和网络的度分布。[结论]发现所建立的网络具有无标度和小世界特性,即所建立的酵母基因调控网络属于复杂网络,这为进一步深入研究基因调控网络的统计学和动力学特性打下了基础。     

茶园花蓟马种群数量与茶叶中生化物质关系的数学分析

为明确茶园花蓟马种群数量与茶叶中生化物质的相关性,利用HPLC-ELSD法测定茶叶中生化物质的含量,再通过对茶园9种茶叶上花蓟马的数量进行Pearson相关性分析、通径分析和回归分析得出不同生化物质含量与花蓟马数量关系的密切程度,并进行综合比较与分析。通过Pearson相关性分析得出,花蓟马种群数量与茶叶中糖类含量呈显著正相关,与儿茶素类呈显著负相关;通过通径分析得出,低聚原花青素类与花蓟马的通径系数绝对值最大,其次为糖类和儿茶素类,其中低聚原花青素和糖类的通径系数为正数,儿茶素类为负数;通过回归分析得出,糖类与儿茶素类仍然是与花蓟马数量相关性最显著的2类生化物质。因此,栽植时为了避免花蓟马危害,可以选择糖类含量低或者儿茶素类含量高的茶树种类。研究结果为花蓟马抗虫育种提供了科学依据。     

福建将乐林场常绿阔叶次生林主要种群种间联结性研究

【目的】研究福建省将乐国有林场常绿阔叶次生林主要种群间的联结性,为探索植物群落演替及原生性植被类型的恢复提供依据,为该林场常绿阔叶次生林的可持续经营提供参考。【方法】采用样地调查法,在福建将乐林场选取重要值较大的22个树种,利用种间联结指数VR研究群落的整体关联性;利用χ2检验、Pearson相关系数检验、Spearman秩相关系数检验分析种对间的联结性。【结果】该林场常绿阔叶次生林种间联结指数VR为1.014,主要种群总体呈现较弱的正关联。231个种对中,χ2检验结果显示,正、负关联的种对数分别为110和119对,正负关联种对数的比值为0.924;显著和极显著相关种对数占总数的11.3%。Pearson相关系数检验结果表明,正、负相关的种对数分别为77和153对,正负关联种对数的比值为0.503;显著和极显著相关的种对数占总数的7.4%。Spearman秩相关系数检验结果表明,正、负相关的种对数分别为100和129对,正负关联种对数的比值为0.775;显著和极显著相关的种对数占总数的13.9%。【结论】福建将乐林场的常绿阔叶次生林总体联结程度较小,22个主要树种种对间关系以负相关较多,种间关联性不明显,主要种群独立出现的概率较大。     

常熟市水体氮负荷对土地利用方式的响应

为研究水环境变化对土地利用方式的响应,以常熟地区为例,利用ArcGIS10.0空间分析功能和SPSS相关性分析方法,对常熟市各土地利用类型和水体总氮含量进行了分析。结果表明:1990—2010年间常熟地区耕地和水域面积在持续缩减,建设用地和林地面积在增加;各土类状态指数(Di)大小依次为:建设用地林地草地耕地水域;建设用地面积的增加主要占据的是耕地和水域,水域面积的缩减主要被耕地占用;耕地面积与水体总氮含量呈显著性负相关关系(r=–0.959*,P0.05),说明种植型污染贡献比例在下降;林草地与水体总氮含量无显著相关性;建设用地与水体总氮含量呈显著性正相关关系(r=0.929*,P0.05),说明建设用地造成了点源污染。     

不同泌乳量奶牛行为学差异及其与泌乳性能的相关性

本试验旨在研究不同泌乳量奶牛的行为学差异,并分析奶牛行为学与泌乳性能的相关性。选择24头泌乳中期[(114.6±7.5)d]中国荷斯坦奶牛,平均体重为(670±24)kg,胎次为(2.6±0.4)胎,分为高产组[泌乳量(31.90±1.76)kg/d]和低产组[泌乳量(19.30±1.76)kg/d],每组12头。通过24 h视频监控系统、精准饲喂系统及计步器等,观察和统计奶牛48 h内采食(采食量、采食时间、采食次数、反刍时间、反刍次数)、饮水(饮水时间、饮水次数)、运动(躺卧时间、躺卧次数、站立/游走时间、游走步数)等参数,研究奶牛行为学与泌乳量的相关性。结果表明:1)低产组奶牛的乳蛋白率极显著高于高产组奶牛(P<0.01),低产组奶牛的乳脂产量、乳蛋白产量和乳糖率显著或极显著低于高产组奶牛(P<0.01)。2)高产组奶牛的干物质采食量、饮水时间和饮水次数显著或极显著高于低产组奶牛(P<0.05或P<0.01),高产组奶牛的游走步数极显著低于低产组奶牛(P<0.01)。3)总泌乳量与干物质采食量(r=0.829,P<0.01)、饮水时间(r=0.473,P<0.05)、饮水次数(r=0.429,P<0.05)呈正相关,而与游走步数(r=-0.574,P<0.01)呈负相关。综上所述,奶牛行为学与泌乳量之间存在相关性,这些行为的差异,可为寻找通过改变行为学提高奶牛产奶性能的方法提供理论依据。     

连作年限对土壤理化性质及酶活性的影响

以新疆北疆博乐市精河县托托乡连作5年、10年、15年、20年和30年的棉田土壤为研究对象,应用Pearson相关分析方法对不同连作年限棉田土壤基本理化性状及酶活性进行了分析。结果表明:棉花连作对土壤理化性质及酶活性有较大影响,土壤pH、有机质、全氮与四种土壤酶相关性较好,是影响酶活性的重要因子;随着连作年限增加,过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶活性增强,磷酸酶、脲酶活性降低;不同种土壤酶随土层厚度的增加酶活性逐渐降低,并在三个土层中存在显著差异;棉田连作对土壤理化性质及酶活性的影响有利也有弊,在评价土壤肥力状况方面,某些土壤酶可以作为土壤生化过程强度的较好指标。     

Identifying scale specific controls of soil water storage in a hummocky landscape using wavelet coherency

High spatio-temporal variability of soil water is contributed from different ecohydrological and soil processes operating in different intensities at different scales. Traditional Pearson correlation analysis only examines linear correlation at the measurement scale. In this study, the correlation between soil water storage and its controlling factors was examined at different scales and locations in a hummocky landscape using wavelet coherency. Time domain reflectometry and neutron probe were used to measure soil water storage up to 1.4 m depth along a transect of 576 m long established in a hummocky landscape at St. Denis National Wildlife Area, Saskatchewan, Canada. In spite of visual similarity of the spatial pattern of soil water storage and elevation, the value of Pearson correlation coefficient was very small. However, wavelet coherency identified strong scale- and location-specific correlations between soil water storage and elevation. The total area of significant correlations as calculated from the total number of significant coherencies at different scales and locations was higher between soil water storage and elevation than between soil water storage and any other factors, which indicated a dominant control from elevation on soil water storage in the hummocky landscape. The largest area of significant correlation was observed at large scales (> 70 m), which can be attributed to the alternating knolls and depressions. The relationship between soil water storage and elevation at different scales was persistent at different times of the year or at different seasons with a slight reduction in the magnitude of correlation. The persistent relationship indicated the dominant control from elevation with slight change in the degree of the control. The scale-location specific correlation provides a complete picture on the controls of soil water storage, which was not possible with traditional correlation analysis.     

The Prospective Use of Brazilian Marine Macroalgae in Schistosomiasis Control

Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease that affects more than 250 million people. The treatment is limited to praziquantel and the control of the intermediate host with the highly toxic molluscicidal niclosamide. Marine algae are a poorly explored and promising alternative that can provide lead compounds, and the use of multivariate analysis could contribute to quicker discovery. As part of our search for new natural compounds with which to control schistosomiasis, we screened 45 crude extracts obtained from 37 Brazilian seaweed species for their molluscicidal activity against Biomphalaria glabrata embryos and schistosomicidal activities against Schistosoma mansoni. Two sets of extracts were taxonomically grouped for metabolomic analysis. The extracts were analyzed by GC–MS, and the data were subjected to Pattern Hunter and Pearson correlation tests. Overall, 22 species (60%) showed activity in at least one of the two models. Multivariate analysis pointed towards 3 hits against B. glabrata veliger embryos in the Laurencia/Laurenciella set, 5 hits against B. glabrata blastula embryos, and 31 against S. mansoni in the Ochrophyta set. Preliminary annotations suggested some compounds such as triquinane alcohols, prenylated guaianes, dichotomanes, and xenianes. Despite the putative identification, this work presents potential candidates and can guide future isolation and identification.     

小鹤立河水库春季浮游动物群落特征及其与环境因子的相关性

2012年5月在小鹤立河水库设置了7个采样点,研究了小鹤立河水库中浮游动物种类组成及其与环境因子的关系。在小鹤立河水库共鉴定出浮游动物15种,其中原生动物6种,占浮游动物总物种数的40.0%;轮虫8种,占53.3%;枝角类1种,占6.6%;浮游动物丰度变动幅度为77～683ind..L-1。香农-威纳多样性指数最高和最低分别出现在5#和7#,分别为1.94和1.28。Pearson相关性分析结果显示：小鹤立河水库浮游动物丰度与水深、溶解氧量、总氮含量显著相关（P〈0.05）。     

放牧和割草条件下瑞香狼毒种群生物学特性比较

研究了科尔沁草地放牧和割草两种利用方式下瑞香狼毒植株的生物学特性异同。结果表明:两种生境中的瑞香狼毒在某些特性上存在很大的差异,叶片厚度、叶片体积和叶片自然含水量均以割草地大于放牧地,但叶片饱和含水量放牧地却比割草地大。两种生境中瑞香狼毒的其他特性没有显著差异,这可能与牲畜对有毒植物不采食有关。运用Pearson相关系数分析两种生境中两两特性间的相关关系可知:两种生境中的构件特性间大多数为不相关,而且两生境的正负相关的成对特性也不尽相同。其中,茎干重与地上干生物量之间均表现出最强的正相关性,它们的Pearson相关系数分别为0.981(放牧地)和0.990(割草地),而叶片自然含水量与叶片干物质含量则表现最强的负相关性,其Pearson相关系数均为-0.998。线性回归分析表明:两组相关特性之间的R2值均大于90%,这说明它们之间的相关性极强。