Antioxidant activity of banana flavonoids

The antioxidant activity of flavonoids from banana (Musa paradisiaca) was studied in rats fed normal as well as high fat diets. Concentrations of peroxidation products namely malondialdehyde, hydroperoxides and conjugated diens were significantly decreased whereas the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase were enhanced significantly. Concentrations of glutathione were also elevated in the treated animals.     

Use of apigenin from Cordia dichotoma in the treatment of colitis

Cordia dichotoma f. (Boraginaceae) is a small deciduous tree from India. The bark of was used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) and colic pain traditionally hence present work was undertaken to identify the phytoconstituent responsible for this activity. Apigenin is isolated by column chromatography from methanol fraction of crude methanol extract of C. dichotoma bark. Structure of apigenin is established by various spectroscopic studies. Apigenin (5 mg/kg, p.o.) showed significant healing and reduction in inflammatory enzymes when screened for UC. It can be concluded that apigenin from C. dichotoma bark may be responsible for the treatment of UC.     

Allelochemical ethyl 2-methyl acetoacetate (EMA) induces oxidative damage and antioxidant responses in Phaeodactylum tricornutum

Ethyl 2-methyl acetoacetate (EMA) is a novel allelochemical exhibiting inhibitory effects on the growth of marine unicellular alga Phaeodactylum tricornutum (P. tricornutum). Oxidative damage and antioxidant responses in P. tricornutum were investigated to elucidate the mechanism involved in EMA inhibition on algal growth. The increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents following exposure to EMA suggested that alga was suffered from oxidative stress and severely damaged. The decrease in cell activity and cellular inclusions suggested that cell growth was greatly inhibited. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxide (GSH-PX) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) increased with the exposure concentration and decreased with the prolongation of exposure time. Cellular ascorbic acid (AsA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) systems were also involved in resisting oxidative stress of EMA by altering the composition of AsA and GSH pools. EMA exposure increased the contents of AsA, GSH, dehydroascorbate (DAsA) and glutathione (GSSG). However, the regeneration rate of AsA/DAsA did not change obviously between treatments and the control, while that of GSH/GSSG decreased significantly under 14 mmol/L EMA exposure on the 3rd day. These results showed that EMA-induced oxidative damage might be responsible for EMA inhibition on P. tricornutum growth and cellular antioxidant enzymes and non-enzymatic antioxidants were improved to counteract the oxidative stress.     

干旱胁迫对柔枝松幼苗丙二醛含量的影响

[目的]探讨干旱胁迫对柔枝松(Pinus flexilis James.)幼苗丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响。[方法]采用硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)法,测定了6个柔枝松种源2年生苗(Ra、Rsi、Rs、Rg、Rsd和Rl)在干旱胁迫过程中的MDA含量。[结果]在整个干旱胁迫过程中种源Ra和Rsi的MDA含量变化较小,膜质受损程度较小,抵抗干旱的能力较强;种源Rs的MDA含量变化最大,膜质受损最严重,抵抗干旱的能力最弱。[结论]为柔枝松的抗旱机理研究提供了理论依据。     

铁元素对农田人参丙二醛含量及防御酶活性的影响

[目的]研究Fe2＋对人参（Panax ginseng Meyer）叶中防御酶活性和丙二醛（MDA）含量的影响。[方法]采用叶面供Fe2＋的方法。试验共设5个处理,Fe2＋浓度分别为：0（对照）、0.005%、0.050%、0.500%、2.000%。[结果]随着供Fe2＋水平的升高,MDA含量先降低后升高,过氧化物酶（POD）活性呈持续上升趋势,过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性先升高后降低,超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性呈先升高后降低再升高的趋势。[结论]从生理角度揭示了铁元素在人参生长发育中的作用机理,为人参的合理施肥提供理论参考。     

不同旱稻品种灌浆期抗旱生理适应性的研究

选择抗旱性不同的4个旱稻品种,对其灌浆期旗叶抗旱性生理指标进行测定。结果表明:超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及游离脯氨酸含量均为抗旱性较强品种(旱稻15号,旱稻2号)极显著地高于抗旱性较弱品种(旱稻1号,旱稻3号);丙二醛(MDA)含量和细胞膜相对透性大小表现为抗旱性较强品种(旱稻15号,旱稻2号)极显著地低于抗旱性较弱品种(旱稻1号,旱稻3号)。SOD、POD、CAT活性和丙二醛含量、游离脯氨酸含量、细胞膜相对透性可用来说明旱稻品种之间的抗旱生理适应性的差异。     

玉米苗期叶片主要生理生化指标对土壤水分的响应

以玉米品种龙单57为试验材料,通过人为供水和自然耗水相结合的方法获得多级土壤水分梯度,探究其生理生化指标(叶绿素、脯氨酸、可溶性糖及丙二醛)对土壤水分的响应规律。结果表明,玉米叶绿素含量对土壤水分(SWC)的变化具有阈值响应,维持玉米叶片叶绿素含量较高水平的SWC范围在15.2%～25.6%,相对含水量(RWC)为51.6%～87.2%,SWC在20.4%左右是对玉米叶片叶绿素含量有效性最高的土壤水分。随着水分胁迫程度的增加,脯氨酸累积量和可溶性糖含量总体上均呈现上升趋势,表明脯氨酸和可溶性糖为玉米的主要渗透调节物质,但在不同的水分条件下,增加的幅度有所差异。丙二醛含量随着土壤含水量的减少呈现先减少后增多的趋势,SWC>17%时丙二醛的含量变化不明显,SWC<17%时丙二醛的含量随着水分胁迫程度的加重急剧上升,叶片质膜膜脂过氧化作用也随之加剧。     

银杏茶对酒精性肝损伤血清MDA和SOD的影响

[目的]探讨银杏茶、加硒银杏茶及加锌银杏茶对酒精性肝损伤小鼠丙二醛（MDA）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的影响。[方法]将50只雄性昆明种小鼠随机分为5组（空白对照组、模型对照组、银杏茶组、银杏茶加硒组和银杏茶加锌组）,分别给药30 d后,按试剂盒说明测定血清中MDA含量和SOD活力。[结果]与模型对照组相比银杏茶、加硒银杏茶及加锌银杏茶能明显降低小鼠血清MDA含量（P〈0.05）和提高SOD活力（P〈0.05）。[结论]银杏茶、加硒银杏茶及加锌银杏茶具有降低小鼠MDA含量和提高SOD活力的能力,并且具有保护小鼠肝脏的作用。     

三种铁素对小麦幼芽的生长及生理生化特征的影响

不同形态铁索具有不同的生物活性,对植物产生不同的影响.通过测定小麦幼芽根芽叶的生长指标和其中丙二醛的含量,探究了FeSO_4、EDTA-Fe、AA-Fe对小麦幼芽生长及生理生化特征的影响.结果表明,三种铁盐在低浓度时促进了小麦幼芽根和芽的伸长,而高浓度铁盐则抑制根和芽的伸长及生物量.同浓度时三种铁盐的根伸长抑制率为AA.Fe>FeSO_4>EDTA-Fe.小麦幼芽根与芽叶组织中丙二醛浓度随着外源铁盐浓度的提高而提高,FeSO_4与EDTA-Fe处理高浓度时略有降低.丙二醛浓度在根的变化幅度均大于芽叶,根质膜系统对铁盐的响应度高于芽叶.     

土壤镉污染对大蒜生理生化指标的影响

[目的]研究土壤镉污染对大蒜生理生化指标的影响,为土壤镉污染修复提供依据。[方法]通过设置0.21-500mg／kg12个cd污染浓度梯度,采用盆栽模拟试验,研究大蒜株高、叶绿素（Chl）含量、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性和丙二醛（MDA）含量对土壤镉胁迫的生理生态响应机制。[结果]土壤镉污染能显著影响大蒜的株高,且随着胁迫时间的增加胁迫作用逐渐增大;除cd浓度500mg／kg外,其余各处理大蒜叶绿素a含量与对照相比差异均不显著;各处理叶绿素总量与对照相比差异均不显著。高浓度的Cd污染对大蒜细胞膜的伤害增加,但随着大蒜生理机制的调节,伤害逐渐降低。[结论]大蒜对镉污染土壤具有较强的生理生态适应性,具备修复镉污染土壤的潜力。