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为测定陕西、川北地区核桃主栽品种对溃疡病的抗性差异,本文通过和针刺接种法,对11个核桃良种栽培品种1年生枝条进行了抗Botryosphaeria的初步评估;在此基础上,对其中抗性较强的5个品种,采用打孔法接种2年生枝条进一步进行了抗性测定和评估。结果表明“清香”和“香玲”对溃疡病的抗病性强,“鲁光”、“西林3号”和“西洛”对溃疡病的抗病性弱。核桃品种抗病性差异与接种方式和时间有关,但抗病品种清香和香玲抗性表现稳定。该研究结果为核桃引种栽培提供了依据。 相似文献
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Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is able to fix atmospheric nitrogen in symbiosis with the bacteria Bradyrhizobium japonicum. Because these bacteria are not native in European soils, soybean seeds must be inoculated with Bradyrhizobium strains before sowing to fix nitrogen and meet their yield potential. In Central Europe soybean cultivation is still quite new and breeding of early maturing soybean varieties adapted to cool growing conditions has just started.Under these low temperature conditions in Central Europe the inoculation with different, commercially available Bradyrhizobium inoculants has resulted in unsatisfactory nodulation. The aim of this study was: (i) to test the ability of commercially available inoculants to maximize soybean grain yield, protein content and protein yield, (ii) to study the interaction of different inoculants with different soybean varieties for two different sites in Germany under cool growing conditions over three years and (iii) to determine the variability of biological nitrogen fixation. Field trials were set up on an organically managed site at the Hessische Staatsdomäne Frankenhausen (DFH) and on a conventionally managed site in Quedlinburg (QLB) for three consecutive seasons from 2011 to 2013. Three early maturing soybean varieties—Merlin, Bohemians, Protina—were tested in combination with four different Bradyrhizobium inoculants—Radicin No.7, NPPL-Hi Stick, Force 48, Biodoz Rhizofilm—and compared with a non-inoculated control. Effective inoculation with Bradyrhizobium strains increased grain yield, protein content and protein yield by up to 57%, 26% and 99%, respectively. Grain yield, protein content and protein yield were generally higher in DFH. Average grain yield was 1634 kg ha−1 in QLB (2012–2013) and 2455 kg ha−1 in DFH (2011–2013), average protein content was 386 g kg−1 in QLB and 389 g kg−1 in DFH and average protein yield was 650 kg ha−1 in QLB and 965 kg ha−1 in DFH. The percentage of nitrogen derived from air (Ndfa) ranged between 40% and 57%. Soybeans inoculated with Radicin No. 7 failed to form nodules, and crop performance was identical to the non-inoculated control. Biodoz Rhizofilm, NPPL Hi-Stick and Force 48 are suitable for soybean cultivation under cool growing conditions in Germany. Interactions between soybean variety and inoculant were significant for protein content and protein yield at both sites, but not for nodulation, grain yield, thousand kernel weight and Ndfa. The variety Protina in combination with the inoculant Biodoz Rhizofilm can be recommended for tofu for both tested sites, while Merlin and Protina in combination with Biodoz Rhizofilm are recommended for animal fodder production in DFH. Animal fodder production was not profitable in QLB due to low protein yields. 相似文献
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Resistance to early blight of tomato with respect to various parameters of disease epidemics 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
Koshlendra Kumar?PandeyEmail author Padma Kant?Pandey Gautam?Kalloo Malay Kumar?Banerjee 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2003,69(6):364-371
Resistance to early blight in the tomato was assessed by examining various parameters of the progress of the disease. Artificial inoculation and the scoring technique were standardized. Test plants were inoculated with 125cfu/ml of a 12-day-old culture of a pathogenic isolate of Alternaria solani. Screening under artificial conditions was more informative than that under natural epidemic conditions. Tomato cultivars CLN-2071-C, CLN-2070-A, BSS-174, and DTH-7 with resistance expressed as slow blighting against four pathogenic isolates of A. solani, were selected for cultivation in disease-prone areas. Disease intensity increased with the age of plants under the same inoculum load. The area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) was positively correlated with the percentage disease index and negatively with resistance. Calculation of the apparent infection rate (r) was more informative for natural epidemics than for artificial conditions. The sequential apparent infection rate between observation periods was better correlated with disease progress than was the total apparent infection rate between the first and last observations. A double sigmoidal disease progress curve during the same cropping season was characteristic of some varieties when fungal infection took place during the vegetative phase of crop growth. 相似文献
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对四个香菇开放式接种场所内不同时间点环境中霉菌和细菌的数量、温度和湿度进行测定,结果表明,在同一测试场所,不同测试时间点环境中霉菌和细菌的数量有所变化。总体上,消毒前和接种结束时环境中霉菌和细菌的数量相对较多,接种开始和接种进行一半时环境中霉菌和细菌的数量较少。各场所环境中的温度、湿度与霉菌和细菌的数量无相关性。消毒前环境中霉菌、细菌数量与菌棒污染率成正相关,相关系数分别为0.83和0.96;接种开始时环境中霉菌、细菌数量与菌棒污染率的相关系数分别为0.64和0.94;接种进行一半和接种结束时环境中的霉菌数量与菌棒污染率无相关性,而这两个时间点细菌数量与菌棒污染率的相关系数分别为0.62和0.88。 相似文献
6.
对影响豇豆锈菌夏孢子萌发的基质、温度、光照及接种方法、接种物浓度、接种保湿时间和温度等条件进行了研究。结果表明,豇豆锈菌(Uromycesvignae)夏孢子在灭菌清水、蒸馏水、1%葡萄糖液、1%蔗糖液、豇豆叶煎煮液和豇豆叶表面均能萌发,结果没有明显差异;在无菌水中25℃下,最易萌发且以半暗半光条件萌发最好;喷雾法接种效果稍优于浸蘸法,且操作更方便;在26~28℃下,发病程度与接种保湿时间呈正相关,以18~24h(小时)为佳;接种孢子浓度以3.24×105个·mL-1为宜,接种最适温度为23~26℃。 相似文献
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J. Roux B. Eisenberg A. Kanzler A. Nel V. Coetzee E. Kietzka M. J. Wingfield 《New Forests》2007,33(2):109-123
Plantations of Pinus spp. constitute approximately 50% of the South African forestry industry. The first aim of this study was to develop a reliable
inoculation technique to screen Pinus spp., for tolerance to infection by F. circinatum, which threatens pine forestry in South Africa. Inoculation of branches was compared with stem inoculations and we considered
the number of branches or trees required to obtain statistically significant results. Furthermore, variation in the susceptibility
of some Pinus families, clones and hybrids was considered. Results showed that branch inoculations were closely correlated with those from
stem inoculations, and that it is important to consider branch and stem diameters when assessing susceptibility of trees.
Subsequent trials using branch inoculations showed significant differences in F. circinatum tolerance amongst a range of pine species and hybrids of potential interest to forestry in South Africa. Significant differences
in susceptibility were also found among clones of two P. radiata families. The most tolerant trees were P. elliottii × caribaea and P. patula × oocarpa hybrids, while the most susceptible species were P. patula, P. greggii and hybrids of these two. This is the first trial considering the susceptibility of Pinus hybrids, Pinus clones and some P. patula provenances, and the results indicate excellent potential for breeding for tolerance to pitch canker in South Africa.
Application The accurate selection of disease tolerant planting stock for the South African forestry industry is crucially important
for the continued sustainability of this important industry. The work described here provides valuable information on an artificial
inoculation technique that will assist the industry in screening trees for tolerance to the pitch canker fungus, F. circinatum. It also provides some indication of the relative susceptibility of a number of Pinus spp., hybrids and families currently being evaluated in the country. 相似文献
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通过子粒注射法和花丝通道法,在玉米吐丝初期至乳熟后期间隔 5~127 d接种 3个不同玉米品种,明确东北地区玉米禾谷镰孢穗腐病抗性鉴定的最佳接种方法。结果发现,禾谷镰孢在玉米吐丝期至乳熟期均能侵染玉米子粒和花丝。子粒注射法在玉米吐丝 1~12 d内接种的病情指数显著高于 16 d以后接种的处理;花丝通道法在玉米吐丝 1~5 d内的病情指数显著高于 12 d以后接种的处理。子粒注射法的抗性鉴定结果为吐丝 1 d接种的果穗表现为感病,吐丝 5~12 d为中抗或抗病,吐丝 16 d之后为抗病或高抗;花丝通道法接种的结果为吐丝 1 d为中抗或抗,吐丝 5 d及以后为抗或高抗。结果表明,子粒注射法在玉米吐丝 10~15 d左右接种发病稳定、抗感差异明显、鉴定结果准确。 相似文献