仙客来离体叶培养与植株再生

以仙客来叶片、叶柄及其不同部位为外植体进行诱导,结果幼叶基部(叶子基部与叶柄相连处的断口部分)诱导愈伤组织频率最高,可达100％。愈伤组织在N_6+BA2mg/1+2,4-D0.5mg/1培养基上培养,约40d左右可100％分化出不定芽,其不定芽数量一块愈伤组织最多可分化出30个以上。将幼苗移入1/2MS+NAA 0.5mg/1培养基中生根最好。     

不同氮磷钾配比对仙客来生长的影响

对仙客来无土栽培营养液中N、P、K元素采用三因素二次D-饱和最优设计,探讨不同浓度氮磷钾对仙客来生长发育的影响,对仙客来的根长、根体积、球茎直径、花朵数、花瓣长、可溶性糖含量、MDA含量、蛋白质含量、叶绿素含量进行分析。结果表明:经方差分析和主成分分析得出,无土栽培仙客来氮、磷、钾最优组合方案为:86.6~263.4、60~100和250~400 mg/L,即氮:磷:钾为3∶1∶6.5。     

甲壳素等生物制剂对仙客来枯萎病的防治效果及生长促进作用研究

对比试验结果表明,甲壳素单独使用、甲壳素与放线菌混合使用、甲壳素与放线菌和枯草杆菌混合使用灌根,对仙客来枯萎病均具有明显的防治效果,仙客来成活率显著提高,其防效与常用化学农药相当。同时对仙客来的生长发育均有促进作用。处理后根的数量、根系的鲜重和干重均有显著增加,并使叶片数增多,冠径增大。此外,单独使用甲壳素还使土壤中放线菌数量明显增加。     

仙客来播种育苗试验

将仙客来种子用高锰酸钾质量分数1000×10 6液浸泡26h左右,进行种皮软化和消毒处理,然后播种在泥炭基质内,深度为(0 6±0 1)cm。在无光条件下保持温度(20±5)℃,湿度90%左右,在50～60d后即可发芽。发芽后应注意增加光照和施肥,也可以用稀释的肥料代替喷水,成苗率达89 9%。     

Amphidiploids between Cyclamen persicum Mill. and C. purpurascens Mill. induced by treating ovules with colchicine in vitro and sesquidiploids between the amphidiploid and the parental species induced by conventional crosses

Summary We cultured colchicine-treated hybrid ovules in vitro to produce fertile amphidiploids of C. persicum (2n=2x=48. referred to as AA) × C. purpurascens (2n=2x=34, referred to as BB). Seedlings and mature plants were obtained from the ovules without colchicine and those exposed to 50 mg/l colchicine for 5, 10 and 15 days, whereas they were not obtained from the ovules exposed to 50 mg/l colchicine for 20 days and 500 mg/l for 5, 10, 15 and 20 days. Although 8 mature hybrids derived from the ovules without colchicine produced a few fertile pollen grains, they failed to produce viable seeds by self-fertilization. The hybrids had 41 somatic chromosomes. Four and 3 mature plants were derived from ovules exposed to 50 mg/l colchicine for 10 and 15 days, respectively. One each among 4 and 3 mature plants showed a high frequency of pollen grain fertility, produced several seeds by self-fertilization, and had 82 somatic chromosomes which is twice the number of hybrid chromosomes (2n=41, AB). These findings indicated that these plants are amphidiploids (2n=82, AABB) between C. persicum and C. purpurascens. Three and 2 viable seeds were derived by the conventional crosses of diploid C. persicum × the amphidiploid and the amphidiploid × C. purpurascens, respectively. Flowering plants that developed from the seeds of diploid C. persicum × the amphidiploid were barely fertile and had 65 somatic chromosomes (2n=65, AAB), whereas those that developed from the seeds of the amphidiploid × C. purpurascens were barely fertile and had 58 somatic chromosomes (2n=58, ABB). The somatic chromosomes indicated that these plants are probably sesquidiploids between the amphidiploid and either C. persicum or C. purpurascens. The interspecific cross-breeding of cyclamen using the amphidiploids and the sesquidiploids is discussed.     

Interspecific hybrids of Cyclamen persicum and C. graecum

Summary Interspecific crosses were made to introduce the disease resistance of Cyclamen graecum into C. persicum cultivars and the abortive hybrid embryos were rescued by ovule culture. Diploid and tetraploid cultivars of C. persicum (CPD, 2n=2x=48; CPT, 2n=4x=96) were the pistillate parents and wild form of C. graecum (CG, 2n=84) were the staminate parents. After pollination, crossed ovaries were periodically collected and examined using paraffin sections. Histological observations suggested that both hybrid ovules of CPD × CG and CPT × CG should be transferred to the culture medium 35 days after pollination. Based upon this observation, crossed ovaries were collected 35 days after pollination, then ovules with placenta were explanted on culture medium and cultured in the dark at 25°C. Plantlets were induced from ovules cultured in MS medium containing 3% sucrose and 10% coconut milk. The hybrids (2n=66) derived from CPD × CG failed to yield viable seeds by self-pollination, although they showed some pollen fertility. In contrast, the hybrids (2n=90) derived from CPT × CG showed high pollen fertility and yielded viable seeds by self-pollination. Furthermore, they were resistant to disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cyclaminis, Erwinia herbicola pv. cyclamenae and Pseudomonas marginalis pv. marginalis.Abbreviations CPD C. persicum diploid - CPT C. persicum tetraploid - CG C. graecum     

仙客来花色遗传规律研究

为摸清仙客来花色遗传规律,以仙客来F1代杂交种及其自交后代为材料,进行自交及杂交试验,调查不同亲本自交及杂交后代花色分离情况。结果表明:仙客来花色遗传既遵循数量遗传规律,受微效多基因控制,又具有质量遗传的特点。控制花色的基因分为喉基因和冠基因两类,在染色体上占据不同的位点;有色基因为显性基因,白色基因为隐性基因,植株花色由其基因组成所决定,基因之间存在重组与互换,从而形成新的花色类型。     

不同基质材料对仙客来幼苗生长的影响

试验进行了不同基质材料对仙客来萌发及幼苗期生长的研究。选用4种基本基质材料,按照一定比例配成6种栽培基质配方,结果表明,基质A6配方(椰绒:珍珠岩=1:1)为较理想的基质配方。其发芽率、幼苗叶片数、株高、叶宽和球茎直径等的差异显著。     

不同营养液配比对仙客来花期生长的影响

以Ca(NO3)2、KH2PO3、和KNO3按一定的比例配成不同的营养液配方,利用套盆研究了12种不同营养液配比对仙客来花期生长的影响.结果表明:Ca(NO3)2∶KH2(PO3)∶KNO3分别为6∶2∶6;5∶2∶4;5∶1∶4和6∶1∶6;同时添加适量微量元素配制的营养液,与杭州农业科学研究所营养液所栽培的仙客来相比,可以增加32.63%的花朵数、6.73%的冠幅和3.5%的株高,而仙客来的叶片数未受到明显影响.     

赤霉酸促进仙客来开花的效果初报

本文叙述了应用赤霉酸(GA_3)促进仙客来开花的试验方法。包括GA_3浓度的选择,处理的时间和用量。取得的效果是提早开花、开花较整齐,并且不发生花梗和叶柄的异常现象。本处理所需费用少,操作简便,能及时把全部产品供应节日市场,解决当前仙客来盆花生产中的关键问题。若能进一步改善管理措施,提高盆花的商品性,可以大规模的推广应用,有利于增收创汇。