油菜薹和蕾中硫代葡萄糖苷组分及含量分析

采用超高效液相色谱（UPLC）法，对30 个油菜品种薹和蕾中硫代葡萄糖苷（glucosinolate，简称硫苷）的组分及含量进行测定。结果表明：30 个油菜品种的总硫苷含量变异范围较大，在21.67～119.29 μmol·g^-1 之间；大多数油菜品种蕾中的硫苷含量高于薹，蕾中硫苷含量均值为37.26 μmol·g^-1，薹中为28.06 μmol·g^-1；薹和蕾中的硫苷组分相似，均以4- 戊烯基硫苷和2- 羟基-3- 丁烯基硫苷为主要成分，两者在薹和蕾中的含量分别占总硫苷含量的46.24%、28.52% 和45.19%、29.13%。进一步分析高、中、低硫苷含量油菜品种的硫苷组分及含量，结果表明油菜不同品种间硫苷含量的差异主要是由4- 戊烯基硫苷引起的。     

日本无刺楤木促成芽营养成分的比较研究

以日本无刺楤木(Aralia elatavar.inerm is)休眠枝条离体茎段促生芽为试验材料,对芽体内可溶性蛋白、维生素C和可溶性糖含量进行了比较分析。试验分为5个处理组:不同茎段长度的产芽试验、不同茎段直径的产芽试验、不同茎段年龄的产芽试验,相同茎段不同营养条件下的产芽试验和同一茎段不同芽位的产芽试验。结果表明:(1)离体茎段长度为20 cm时,促生芽可溶性蛋白含量和维生素C含量最高,与其他长度处理差异极显著,可溶性糖含量差异不显著。(2)不同培养条件下,芽体内的3种营养成分差异均不显著。(3)不同直径处理组中,芽体内3种营养成分含量均存在极显著差异。直径为5.8 mm时可溶性蛋白和维生纱C含量最高,直径为8.8 mm时可溶性糖含量最高。(4)2年生茎段促生芽的可溶性蛋白、维生素C和可溶性糖含量均高于1年生茎段。(5)同一茎段不同芽位的促生芽,以下位芽3种营养成分含量为最高。     

影响非洲菊离体培养器官分化的因素

采用非洲菊的 4个不同切花品种 ,主要通过对花托外植体进行离体培养 ,从基因型、激素组合、基本培养基、蔗糖质量浓度等方面研究了非洲菊器官形成的规律。结果表明 :幼小的花托是非洲菊最适宜培养的外植体。虽然品种之间存在着差异 ,但在 2个月内均能从愈伤组织上直接产生不定芽。芽的产生以IAA 0 1mg/L及BA 10mg/L为最佳激素配比 ,而基本培养基诱导芽分化的效果是B5>1/ 2MS >MS ,1%蔗糖较之高质量分数蔗糖更有利于芽的分化。     

高山低温诱导蝴蝶兰花芽分化过程中的生理变化

连续观察，测定了蝴蝶兰花芽分化过程中不同低温天数时植株体内某些生理生化变化，结果显示：低温处理20d后，叶片内矿质元素、可溶性糖、淀粉、可溶性蛋白、游离氨基酸、过氧化物酶含量变化显著，说明低温诱导过程中叶片内进行着一系列生理生化变化，为花芽分化提供物质和能量。     

多球果型马尾松的形态和生殖生物学特征研究

本文对多球果型马尾松和常见型马尾松在生长状态、形态结构、生殖发育等方面的差异进行研究和分析.在多球果型马尾松雌性生殖枝上,能够着生40～80个球果(大孢子叶球),有的甚至可以达到193个以上.而在常见型马尾松的雌性生殖枝上, 通常只着生有1～8个球果,最常见的是着生2～4个球果.多球果型马尾松和常见型马尾松在雌球花的芽组织结构和雌球花的分化过程中有着明显的差异.通过显微分析我们发现:多球果型马尾松雌球花原基的发育在当年生过冬顶芽的下部,在它的上部,还发育有一系列的营养芽原基(10列以上).而常见型马尾松雌球花原基的发育在当年生过冬顶芽的顶端.雌球花发育机理的不同,决定了多球果型马尾松球果的着生部位发生了变异.多球果型马尾松球果着生在春梢的下(基)部,常见型马尾松球果着生在春梢的顶部.多球果型马尾松与常见型马尾松球果(大孢子叶球)的发育过程和发育起始时间不相同.通过对8～12月标本进行显微切片分析,多球果型马尾松球果的发育起始时间在当年的8月(过冬顶芽开始形成的同时),与小孢子叶球的发育起始时间同步.常见型马尾松球果的发育起始时间是当年的11月,两种类型马尾松的大孢子叶球都是在次年4月受粉,到第三年的11月种子成熟.多球果型马尾松球果比常见型马尾松球果多3个月的发育时间.多球果型马尾松个体大量的长串状多球果性状在历年都能重复出现,这说明该性状具有个体水平的稳定性.无性繁殖研究证明,多球果型马尾松的长串状多球果性状,可以通过嫩枝嫁接的方式,进行性状的传递.对多球果型马尾松进行有性繁殖研究时我们发现,多球果型马尾松的球果可以发育出种子,且成熟种子的发芽率为60%～76%.这说明多球果型马尾松与常见型马尾松一样,可以用种子进行后代繁殖.多球果型马尾松与常见型马尾松在形态和生长速率方面没有明显差异.     

Relation between oak tree phenology and the secretion of organic matter degrading enzymes by Lactarius quietus ectomycorrhizas before and during bud break

The ectomycorrhizas (ECM) formed by Lactarius quietus, an ECM fungus specifically associated with Quercus spp., are abundant all the year long. Root and stem growth, beginning before bud break in oak, are strong carbon sinks partially fulfilled with carbohydrate reserves. We hypothesized that L. quietus contributes to providing trees with carbon at bud break through enzymatic activities before photosynthesis begins. Activities of eight secreted enzymes (xylosidase, glucuronidase, cellobiohydrolase, β-glucosidase, N-acetyl-glucosamine, leucine aminopeptidase, acid phosphatase and laccase) relevant to carbon cycling and the release of phophorus and nitrogen from soil organic matter were measured on L. quietus ECMs before, during and after the bud break. Phenological, climatic and pedoclimatic parameters were also measured. Laccase, glucuronidase, cellobiohydrolase and β-glucosidase activities proved to be significantly related to tree reactivation and climate. All these activities can help the formation of new tissues by supplying carbon. L. quietus can behave saprotrophically, using soil organic matter as substrate. This is consistent with the hypothesis that it provides the oak trees with carbon when demand is high and photoassimilates are not yet available.     

菠萝蜜芽苗砧嫁接育苗技术

菠萝蜜是广泛栽培在我国华南地区的著名热带水果。培育菠萝蜜种子芽砧苗，采用优良菠萝蜜品种作接穗进行嫁接育苗，操作简单易掌握，相对其他嫁接育苗方法，嫁接成活率高，育苗时间短，是值得推广的一种嫁接育苗方法。     

我国梨芽变育成品种分析及芽变性状变异机制研究进展

通过对梨已育成芽变品种/品系进行整理分析,将芽变涉及的变异性状分为5大类和16小类,这些变异性状主要集中在大果型、果实皮色、成熟期、耐贮性及自交亲和性等方面。综述了不同芽变品种及相关性状的研究进展,大果型芽变分别由染色体加倍与控制果重基因变异2种因素引起;果实皮色芽变分别由花青苷、叶绿素、木栓合成途径中的基因变异引起;S-基因位点的变异形成了自交亲和性芽变。探讨了芽变选育在梨的不同品质性状改良中的有效性,并对梨芽变选育方法相关研究及技术的发展进行了展望。     

番茄芽枯病现状调查及其防治

针对番茄芽枯病发生现状，在阐述该病害表现症状的基础上，分析了其发病特点及原因，包括水分供应不足、高温引起水分失衡、高温烫伤及微量元素不足等，并从培养无病壮苗、定植管理、水分管理、蹲苗及中午通风遮阳等方面论述了番茄芽枯病的防治方法.     

Early flower initiation allows ample manipulation of flowering time in cherimoya (Annona cherimola Mill.)

Flower initiation date and readiness to flowering in buds of different age were studied in ‘Fino de Jete’ cherimoya (Annona cherimola) cultivar in order to establish the limits for the manipulation of its flowering date. Flower initiation was analyzed by light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) collecting axillary buds from May to the following February, whereas the bud readiness to produce perfect flowers was determined by forcing buds of different age to sprout by means of leaf removal and tipping the new growth. SEM images confirm that cherimoya buds are differentiated into flowers almost a year before blooming. In this regard, axillary buds have already formed the sepals when the subtending leaf has just begun unfolding (week 0), while the petals are clearly visible in 1-week-old buds. Sectioning of paraffin-embedded buds illustrate that cherimoya buds are in fact a bud complex that 1 week after its inception comprises 4–5 buds of different size of which the two largest ones are reproductive, while the 2–3 smallest buds often remain undifferentiated at that time. The high capacity of flowering expressed by young buds that have been forced to grow proves that cherimoya meristems are early competent for flowering. No differences in fertility or in the time needed to reach anthesis after leaf removal were found among buds of different ages. Node position had no effect on bud break and flowering potential. The early flower initiation in cherimoya deduced from this work opens a wide temporal window for the experimental manipulation of flowering and harvest dates in this crop.