苏云金芽孢杆菌菌种保藏

采用砂土管和滤纸片两种保藏方法，对分属３１个亚种的６１株有代表性的苏云金芽孢杆菌经过１－２３年保存后的菌体存活情况，形态特征及对林业主要害虫舞毒蛾幼虫的杀虫活性进行了试验，并对苏云金芽孢杆菌５个亚种的标准菌株和保存不同年限后的１１项生理生化特性及酯酶型进行了测定。     

Compartmentalization response of two clones of hybrid-poplar

A 14-day bioassay indicated the effectiveness of Compartmentalization evident 24 months following wounding of two clones of hybrid-poplar. The boundary pattern adjacent to columns of wound-initiated discoloration indicated that column boundary layer formation was not the sole determinant for the effectiveness of Compartmentalization.     

Soil properties and nitrogen availability in silvopastoral plantings of Acacia melanoxylon in North Island, New Zealand

Acacia melanoxylon, a N₂-fixing timber tree occurring naturally in eastern Australia, is now promoted as a component of silvopastoral systems; but the interaction of the tree with pasture and soils has not been adequately studied. This study investigated the effects of Acacia melanoxylon on soil nitrogen (N) levels, N availability, soil pH, bulk density, organic carbon, C:N ratios and soil moisture in three separate silvopastoral sites with contrasting soil types in the North Island of New Zealand. At each site four tree stocking rates were studied (0, 500, 800, and 1700 stems ha^–1). The trees were nine years old at the time of the study. Soil samples from each study site were taken once at three depths (0 to 75 mm, 75 to 150 mm, and 150 to 300 mm), with three replicates per tree stocking rate. Soil analyses showed that although there were differences between soil types, few statistically significant differences occurred due to tree stocking rate. A greenhouse pot trial growing ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L. cv. Concord) in soil from the A horizon of each soil type from under the trees and the open pasture found that ryegrass yield, N uptake and N supply increased with increasing tree stocking rate. Increased N supply under the trees, coupled with greater soil moisture compared to the open pasture may have accounted for the higher pasture yield under Acacia melanoxylon compared to non dinitrogen fixing tree species. This study suggested that Acacia melanoxylon in a silvopastoral system had the potential to increase soil N availability.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

黄瓜霜霉病生物测定技术研究

研究了诱发黄瓜霜霉病孢子囊大量产生的条件;明确了黄瓜霜霉病菌可在低温冰冻条件下保存。接种后20℃左右,保持24 h黑暗,相对湿度90%以上,以后光照16 h/d,适宜霜霉病菌的侵染发展。比较6种生测方法,以叶盘蘸药漂浮法的敏感性及稳定性最好。     

黄瓜子叶法筛选蔬菜灰霉病杀菌剂的研究

研究了以“黄瓜子叶法”为特征的蔬菜灰霉病杀菌剂的筛选模式.采用本方法标准药剂速克灵、扑海因获得很好的重复性;接种最适宜的分生孢子浓度为1×10~5/ml;菌丝菌龄对实验结果有明显的影响;采用浸渍法或喷雾法进行药剂处理对实验结果影响不大,但前者操作似更简单.供试乳化剂、溶剂中,除农乳700号及二甲基甲酰胺之外,对蔬菜灰霉病菌均无明显的影响.     

A new plant-based bioassay for aquatic sediments

Background, Goal and Scope  To date, standardised bioassays for the assessment of the ecotoxicological potential in sediments and dredged material use test organisms like bacteria, algae and crustaceae. This paper presents the development and application of a novel sediment contact test (whole sediment) withMyriophyllum aquaticum, a representative of rooted aquatic macrophytes. The aim of the present study is to demonstrate the value of a sediment contact test with rooted macrophytes as a supplement to existing test batteries in order to improve the assessment of sediment toxicity. Methods  The newly developed sediment contact test withMyriophylhim aquaticum was applied to natural whole sediments. For performing the test, whorls ofMyriophyllum aquaticum were directly planted in the native sediment and incubated in the light at 24°C (cf. section results and discussion). The end points of the test were the number of the shoots and the fresh weight of the whole plants. The duckweed growth inhibition test withLemna minor according to ISO/DIS 20079 was performed in pore waters from sediment samples. The results of the sediment contact test withMyriophyllum aquaticum were compared with each other and with those of the aquatic duckweed test. Results and Discussion  A test protocol for the new plant-based sediment contact test using the aquatic plantMyriophyllum aquaticum as an indicator was developed. The best control sediment proved to be the OECD sediment (OECD 207). A test period of 10 days appeared to be sufficient for the test. The increase of biomass and the derived growth rate were found to be the most suitable evaluation parameters. The growth behaviour ofMyriophyllum aquaticum differed depending on the origin of sediments. Therefore, plant-affecting contamination, that is bound in sediments, was indicated. Conclusions  The novel sediment contact test withMyriophyllum aquaticum can indicate phytotoxic effects in sediments. Therefore, it allows a better assessment of the overall-toxicity in whole sediments. Recommendations and Outlook  The sediment contact test withMyriophyllum aquaticum is a valuable tool for the evaluation of the ecotoxicological risk potential of waters and sediments. It should become a complement to a standardised test battery generally used for the assessment of sediment toxicity.     

Pb2+对甘肃纹党种子萌发和幼苗生理特性的影响

以甘肃道地中药材纹党(Codonopsis pilosula)为对象，通过室内培养试验，研究不同浓度10^-6、10^-5、10^-4、10^-3 mol/L Pb²⁺处理对纹党种子萌发、幼苗生长以及生理特性的影响，为探究Pb²⁺污染对纹党品质的影响提供依据。结果表明，Pb²⁺对纹党种子吸胀过程中相对吸水量的增加有抑制作用，随着Pb²⁺浓度的提高，党参种子的萌发率、萌发指数、幼苗生长及根尖微核和有丝分裂率变化，表现出先升高后降低的趋势；低浓度的Pb²⁺处理能够促进叶绿素的形成，高浓度则抑制叶绿素形成；可溶性糖、游离脯氨酸和丙二醛含量，随Pb²⁺浓度的升高而增加；Pb²⁺对SOD、POD和CAT活性有较强的抑制作用。可见，生物测定结果大多达到显著差异水平。     

杀菌剂开发中的室内生物测定

针对杀菌剂开发中的室内生物测定,探讨了活体和离体的相互关系,生物测定类型的选择问题,同时从多角度阐述了杀菌剂生物测定的创新途径。     

螺虫乙酯对烟粉虱的防治效果评价

采用室内毒力测定与田间试验相结合的方法,研究了螺虫乙酯（Movento）对烟粉虱的防治效果。室内毒力测定结果表明：96 %螺虫乙酯原药对烟粉虱卵和若虫都具有非常高的杀虫活性,LC50分别为18.91 mg?L-1和14.97 mg?L-1,与对照95 %吡虫啉没有显著差异|但对烟粉虱成虫的杀虫效果并不十分理想,LC50达到了453.34 mg?L-1,且显著高于对照95 %吡虫啉。田间试验结果表明：24 %螺虫乙酯悬浮剂（SC）对烟粉虱有良好的防效和持效性,且螺虫乙酯与Biopower（助剂）混用的防效明显优于螺虫乙酯单独使用的效果|螺虫乙酯与0.2 %〔0.24 g?（667 m2）-1〕Biopower混用,药后1～28 d对烟粉虱的防效分别为64.91 %～66.92 %、82.00 %～82.59 %、88.11 %～89.97 %、89.99 %～93.94 %和91.10 %～93.56 %。     

Biological evaluation for protein quality of supplementary foodsbased on popped cereals and legumes suitable for feeding rural mothers andchildren in India

Eight different formulations of supplementary foods (FS) based on poppedcereals (wheat, ragi, bajra and sorghum) and legumes (soy and bengalgram)were prepared. Four of the FS were produced with cereals, soy flour (SF)and bengalgram (BG) dhal and the other four were prepared with combinationsof cereals and SF. These blends were evaluated for food efficiency ratio(FER), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and net protein utilization (NPU)using growing albino rats. Skim milk powder (SMP, standard reference protein)was used in the control diet. In general the FER (0.28 to 0.34), PER (2.7to 2.9) and NPU (62 to 68) results of the FS were not significantly (p>0.05)different among the FS groups or compared with FER (0.36), PER (3.0) and NPU(73.5) of the control SMP. It is evident from the results that all eight FSwere nutritionally and biologically as good as SMP with regard to proximatecomposition, PER and NPU.