浅析灵石县污水处理厂污水处理工艺

以灵石县污水处理厂污水处理工艺为例,分析了A2/O工艺和BAF工艺原理、特点及存在的问题,为一些污水处理厂污水处理工艺的选择提供参考。     

上向流曝气生物滤池中有机氮沿程转化规律与生物特性研究

为揭示上向流曝气生物滤池中有机氮沿程转化规律及其微生物特性,优化滤池的设计与运行,以有机氮废水为处理对象,在水力负荷0.329～0.50 5m3/(m2.h)、气水比4-5:1、沿程DO 3.0～5.85 mg/L、不加任何有机碳源的情况下,研究氮元素沿程转化规律.结果表明:曝气生物滤池内有机氮氨化与硝化同步进行,90%以上的溶解性有机氮(DON)转化为NO3-N;滤池沿程各段对于TKN的降解进程(TKN→NH3-N)与NH3-N的硝化进程(NH3-N→NO2-N→NO3-N)一致:微生物总量沿水流方向呈逐渐递减趋势;生物耗氰速率(OUR)沿程逐渐减小,OUR 数量级为101mg/(g·h).该研究可为硝化滤池的设计提供理论依据以及滤池运行参数的优化提供技术支持.     

BAF在乌鲁木齐中水回用中的应用

分析了乌鲁木齐水资源状况，总结了乌鲁木齐采用回用的目的及意义。在对BAF工艺特点的分析的基础上得出BAF工艺在乌鲁木齐中水回用中的优势，并提出了在实际运行中出现的一些问题。     

低剂量福尔马林对循环水养殖欧鲈及生物滤器的影响

为探讨长时间低剂量福尔马林对鱼类及循环水养殖系统的影响,以欧鲈(Dicentrarchus labrax)为受试鱼在循环水养殖系统中进行实验。设置4个福尔马林浓度处理组(0 mg/L、30 mg/L、60 mg/L和90mg/L)进行分析,结果表明,30 mg/L福尔马林处理后,欧鲈存活率(98%)和增重率（350.26%）与对照组之间无显著性差异（P>0.05）;90 mg/L福尔马林处理使生物滤器去除亚硝酸盐氮效能产生明显削弱作用;30 mg/L福尔马林处理的欧鲈肠道内AMS和胃中的胰蛋白酶活性显著增加（P<0.05）。60 mg/L福尔马林处理使欧鲈肝脏遭到一定程度的损伤,且60 mg/L和90 mg/L福尔马林处理的欧鲈出现了轻度逆境胁迫。90 mg/L福尔马林处理的水体中亚硝酸盐氮的浓度升高,亚硝酸盐氮的去除率显著降低（P<0.05）,对去除氨氮的影响滞后于对去除亚硝酸盐氮的影响。     

水解酸化—改性贻贝壳填料曝气生物滤池处理生活污水研究

[目的]研究水解酸化—改性贻贝壳填料曝气生物滤池(BAF)处理生活污水的效果。[方法]在不同磷含量条件下,分别以未改性贻贝壳及3种不同浓度柠檬酸改性贻贝壳为填料的曝气生物滤池与水解酸化池组合对生活污水中COD、氨氮(NH3-N)和总磷(TP)进行去除,并对4种贻贝壳BAF的去除效果进行比较。[结果]当磷含量为14.03~14.73 mg/L时,1.0%柠檬酸改性贻贝壳为填料BAF对COD的去除效果最好,去除率最高可达90.11%;在2种不同磷浓度的条件下,4种贻贝壳BAF对NH3-N均有很好的去除效果;当磷含量为2.26~2.61 mg/L时,1.0%柠檬酸改性贻贝壳为填料BAF对TP的去除效果最好,去除率最高可达91.89%。磷含量的提高可以在一定程度上促进COD和NH3-N的去除,但TP的去除效率降低。[结论]4种贻贝壳填料BAF中,1.0%柠檬酸改性贻贝壳填料BAF对生活污水中COD、NH3-N和TP去除效果最好。     

Feasibility Analysis on New Ceramic Fillers Loading in Biological Aerated Filter

The BAF for wastewater treatment loaded with new ceramic fillers was investigwed in comparison with the BAF loaded with biogenic ceramisite agitator.The feasibility and features of the new ceramic fillers had been analyzed by comparing the two fillers and the operational parameters had been analyzed and determined at the same time.It is shown are that when the average influent CODcr is 135.6 mg/L, NH4+-N 42.1 mg/L and TP 0.69 mg/L, the removal efficiencies of The BAF loaded with new ceramic fillers and ceramisite agitator are 81.2%, 99.8%, 68.1% and 80.8%, 99.5%, 66.7% respectively at the condition of the HRT=1.5 h.New ceramic fillers required less water to backwash and had better effect than biogenic ceramisite agitator at the same condition, what is more, the running costs of the BAF loaded with new ceramic fillers were less than that of the BAF loaded with ceramisite agitator.     

UBAF对二级生活污水中COD和NH4_~+-N的去除规律研究

文章以升流式曝气生物滤池(Up-flow Biological Aerated Filter,UBAF)模拟处理二级生活污水为研究对象,研究了UBAF对COD和NH4+-N的去除规律,考察了有机负荷、水力负荷和载体高度对两者去除效果的影响。结果表明,经UBAF处理后的水质稳定,对COD、NH4+-N平均去除率分别为71.88%和75.28%;有机负荷和水力负荷对反应器污染物处理效果影响很大,试验得到的最佳有机负荷和水力负荷分别为4.67kg·m-·3d-1和7m·h-1;UBAF内存在不同菌群沿层变化的特点,在进水端80cm段以异养菌为主,而在出水端以硝化菌为主,随着有机负荷增加,菌群分层现象减弱。     

不同曝气位置曝气生物滤池（BAF）处理对虾养殖污水的试验研究

采用不同曝气位置的上向流生物滤池处理对虾养殖污水,连续运行30d,分析出水水质,并观察系统运行情况和装置污染状况。考察了对虾养殖污水中化学需氧量、氨氮、硝酸盐氮、亚硝酸盐氮、无机氮及活性磷酸盐6项指标的去除效果。结果表明:从养殖污水主要污染物指标的去除效果上看,中下部曝气生物滤池(MUBAF)要优于底部曝气生物滤池(BUBAF)。在系统进水化学需氧量质量浓度为7.62～8.20mg·L-1,氨氮质量浓度为0.62～0.65mg·L-1,硝酸盐氮质量浓度为0.54～0.59mg·L-1,亚硝酸盐氮质量浓度为0.23～0.27mg·L-1,无机氮质量浓度为1.40～1.47mg·L-1,活性磷酸盐质量浓度为0.24～0.29mg·L-1,水温为25℃～30℃时,中下部曝气生物滤池对养殖污水中6项指标的去除率分别为45.2%、88.9%、58.5%、78.8%、75.3%和25.1%。可见,对氨氮的去除效果最佳,亚硝酸盐氮和无机氮次之,化学需氧量和硝酸盐氮的去除效果较差,活性磷酸盐去除率最低。总体而言,曝气生物滤池在水产养殖污水应用中处理效果明显,具有可行性和实用性。     

生物活性滤池对水中氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮去除效果研究

为明确生物活性滤池对水中氨氮(NH4+-N)和亚硝酸盐氮(NO2--N)的去除效果及影响因素,采用连续流生物活性滤池装置开展试验研究。试验期间进水NH4+-N在0.69～1.25 mg·L-1,NO2--N浓度为0.06～0.38 mg·L-1,试验装置处理规模为180 L·d-1。结果表明,挂膜成功时,NH4+-N和NO2--N去除效率分别为71.32%～77.78%和87.1%～98.6%;稳定运行期间异养菌和硝化细菌空间竞争较弱,表现在沿程对CODMn、NH4+-N和NO2--N去除效果集中在35 cm以上的空间;在低于5℃状况运行,生物活性滤池对NH4+-N有稳定的去除,而NO2--N去除效果出现明显降低。     

Phytotoxicity and genotoxicity of soils from an abandoned uranium mine area

The great number of abandoned uranium mines within the Portuguese territory led to the production of specific legislation establishing the rehabilitation of these areas and the definition of those requiring prior intervention. Cunha Baixa uranium mine (Mangualde, Central Portugal) was one of these areas and a site-specific risk assessment is being carried out for this mine, following European frameworks. In this study the Ames test with soil elutriates, and emergence and growth assays with Lactuca sativa L. and Zea mays L. were performed to assess soil retention and habitat functions. Levels of metals bioaccumulated in plant tissues, grown above soil surface, during the assays, were determined as well. No genotoxic effects were recorded for soil eluates (1:10 and 1:2, m/v) except for site F within the mine area, which is under the effluence of runoffs from the effluent treatment pond. Nevertheless, most of all were highly toxic to Salmonella typhimurium (especially for TA98) strains, used in the assay. The results gathered suggested that during the natural process of soil percolation by rainwater, the leachates yielded are contributing with toxic but no genotoxic metals to underground water resources. Phytotoxicity assays demonstrated that soil habitat function was compromised in almost all the sampling sites selected within the mine area. These results have clearly demonstrated how evaluations based on extractable metal concentrations may underestimate the risks of contaminated soils. Lettuce was the most sensitive species probably due to the great ability of this species in accumulating high concentrations of metals in their aboveground tissues. The highest bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) values were recorded for this species namely for Co (16.5), Cu (28.5), Ba (7.3), Sr (7.2) and Ni (6.1). Copper (9.0) and nickel (3.6) were the main elements bioaccumulated by maize. The dilution of mine soils with a local reference soil has proved to mitigate its toxicity in almost all the sites analysed.