奇石审美价值评估略议

奇石的价值体系包括审美价值，研究价值和经济价值等。一般说来，审美价值是整个价值体系的基础，因为奇石的价值主要体现在它的审美功能上，研究价值的评估则主要是矿物学家、地质学家的事。既然奇石的主要功能是审美，那么其经济价值就必须建立在其审美价值上。因此，探讨奇石的价值，首先要探讨奇石的审美价值。     

滇池沉积物磷酸盐吸附和矿物学特征的研究

采用现场采样及室内分析测定方法,研究了滇池沉积物的矿物学组成以及沉积物对磷酸盐的吸附特性。结果表明,滇池沉积物粘土矿物的主要成分为高岭石,水云母次之,还含有少量的蛭石、绿泥石和蒙脱石。沉积物对湖水中磷酸盐(PO4-P)的吸附主要发生在0～6h内,在0～0.5h吸附速率大于5.0mg·g-1·h-1,之后基本达到了一种动态平衡。沉积物对PO4-P的吸附量随着初始浓度的升高而增加,等温吸附线表明滇池表层沉积物对湖水PO4-P的吸附容量约为5.0mg·g-1。酸性条件下,沉积物对PO4-P的吸附量较大,随着pH值的升高,吸附能力逐渐减小。     

广东坡地红壤颗粒组成状况的研究：I.土壤颗粒组成的特征

本文对广东坡地红壤颗粒组成的特征进行了初步研究,结果表明,广东坡地红壤较粗颗粒的矿物组成以轻矿物石英为主,粘粒的矿物组成一般以１：１高岭土为主,在粘粒的化学组成中,盐基淋失严重,铁铝氧化物聚积,颗粒大小分布主要受成土母质的影响。     

风成沉积物源分析方法及其应用研究进展

风成沉积物的物源追踪对于重建干旱区地表过程、恢复区域过去大气环流模式的变化历史以及更加深刻地理解各种不同类型风积物的环境意义具有重要作用,同时还能帮助我们厘清物源变化与气候变化以及构造运动之间的关系。在回顾了风成沉积物的矿物学、元素地球化学、同位素地球化学以及单矿物地球化学等物源示踪方法及其应用的研究现状的基础上,探讨了各种物源分析方法的优势以及可能存在的问题,并对未来的物源研究进行了展望。     

华南某些低地粘性土粘粒矿物学和化学组成及其数学表征

本文是对我国热带亚热带7个低地粘性土的粘粒部分的矿物学和化学组成的分析资料及其计算机数学分析结果。这些土壤的粘粒矿物学组成有很大差异,但都有相当量的高岭石剖面中存在脱硅富铝趋势。主组元分析和因子分析表明,粘粒部分化学元素的赋存状态基本上可分为硅酸盐矿物组和氧化物组。粘粒矿物学和元素组成特点的差异,主要决定于母质的起源特性,而并非决定于气候。但利用条件对耕层土壤的粘粒的矿物学和元素组成有明显的影响,作为水耕成土过程的特点,铁铝发生了分异运动。此外,主组元分析和因子分析是分析土壤中多种组分相互联系的良好方法。     

成都平原土壤系统分类典型土系划分

运用国际土壤系统分类的有关原理和方法，选择土层特征、土壤基本特性和土壤矿物学特性这三类指标作为成都平原典型土系划分的依据，重点概述了蒲江样区的光明系、敦厚系两个土系。研究表明：新的土壤基层分类根据土壤本身的属性，以诊断层和诊断特性作为诊断指标，因而具有定量化、标准化、国际化和实用化的特点，比之传统的土壤发生分类方法更科学并更具广泛的应用前景。     

Study the Physical,Chemical, Mineralogical,and Geo-technical Properties of Soils Used in Pottery Industries,Kurdistan-lraq

The study area is located in Duhok and Sulaimania province in Kurdistan region, lraq. Study soils developed from parent material that has derived from limestone. Randomize, composed and disturbed surface soil samples were collected. The bulk soils were air dried, crushed and passed through 2 mm sieve. Standard methods were used for chemical, physical, geotechnical and mineralogical analyses of soil samples. The results indicated that the study soils texture were clay to loam clay, this texture was considered as suitable for ceramic and pottery industries as a result of increasing clay contents that ranged between 301 g/kg and 676 g/kg. Soil consistence depending on geotechnical properties increased the ability of study soils for resistance rapture and deformation. Existence the high amount of cementing agents in study soils such as organic matter, iron oxides and particularly total carbonate （247.2-308.8 g/kg） act to reduce the bad effect of the smectite minerals group （high shrinkage） in soils of study locations through increasing the resistance of these soils for rupture and deformation. The existing of Kaolinite, palygorskite and chlorite allows clay to be dried in ceramic and pottery industries without cracking from shrinkage. Study soils were different in their colors as a result of existence, different pigmentation materials that led to coloring soils with different colors in turn caused coloring of pottery and ceramic materials. Since, there are no available academic studies or researches about this subject in Kurdistan region in addition the clay pottery and ceramic sector still has a good market at the same time using this type of soils for arts, therefore, this study was conducted.     

对矿区和冶炼区土壤重金属污染进行化学和矿物学特征分析

The binding of metallic contaminants （Pb, Cd, and Zn） and As on soil constituents was studied on four highly contaxninated alluvial soil profiles from the mining/smelting district of Pribram （Czech Republic） using a combination of mineralogical and chemical methods. Sequential extraction analysis （SEA） was supplemented by mineralogical investigation of both bulk samples and heavy mineral fractions using X-ray diffraction analysis （XRD） and scanning electron microscopy with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer （SEM/EDS）. The mineralogy of Fe and Mn oxides was studied by voltammetry of microparticles （VMP） and diffuse reflectance spectrometry （DRS）. Zinc and Pb were predominantly bound in the reducible fraction attributed to Fe oxides and Mn oxides （mainly birnessite, Na4Mn14O27.9H2O）, which were detected in soils by XRD and SEM/EDS. In contrast, Cd was the most mobile contaminant and was predominantly present in the exchangeable fraction. Arsenic was bound to the residual and reducible fractions （corresponding to Fe oxides or to unidentified Fe-Pb arsenates）. SEM/EDS observations indicate the predominant affinity of Pb for Mn oxides, and to a lesser extent, for Fe oxides. Thus, a more suitable SEA procedure should be used for these mining-affected soils to distinguish between the contaminant fraction bound to Mn oxides and Fe oxides.