Compatible measurements of volumetric soil water content using a neutron probe and Diviner 2000 after field calibration

Field calibrations for a neutron probe and a capacitance sensor (Diviner 2000) for measuring the soil water content of a shrinking–swelling clay soil were substantially different from commonly used default values. Using our field calibrations, the two instruments estimated similar changes in the cumulative water content of a soil profile (0–1 m depth) over one growing season.     

Effects of phenylbutazone and indomethacin on the post-operative course following experimental orthopaedic surgery in dogs

Randomized placebo-controlled crossover studies were carried out in dogs to evaluate how two non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) might modulate an acute post-traumatic inflammatory reaction. Two "identical" surgical interventions were performed on the forelimbs of each animal with an interval of 28 days, to enable a paired comparison of the inflammatory signs and the wound/bone healing processes. At one operation 8 dogs received 300 mg phenylbutazone twice daily for 8 days starting on the day before surgery, and at the other operation matching placebo tablets were given. In a similar placebo-controlled trial another group of 8 dogs received 5 mg indomethacin twice daily. With phenylbutazone the post-operative swelling was not significantly reduced compared to placebo, but there was less pain and limping. With indomethacin the swelling was somewhat reduced, but there was no consistent difference to placebo in the pain and limping assessments. None of the drugs appeared to distinctly effect the wound or fracture healing, as evaluated by clinical inspection, comparison of radiographs and comparison of bone sections from the sites of surgery. It proved difficult to select an appropriate dosage of indomethacin due to its high potential to induce GI ulceration and bleeding in dogs. In this experimental surgical model with an acute inflammation, neither phenylbutazone nor indomethacin showed impressive anti-inflammatory or analgesic properties. In the same model paracetamol has proved to significantly and more efficiently, reduce both swelling and pain without any noticeable adverse effects, and appears to be a better alternative than the two presently tested NSAID.     

水质对膨润土防水毯防渗效果影响研究

针对我国西北干旱寒冷盐渍化地区渠道防渗存在的问题，对拟引进使用的膨润土防水毯的膨胀性能及防渗效果进行研究，提出推广应用一种新型复合土工合成材料（膨润土防水毯）。选择3种膨润土防水毯产品。采取室内试验，分析了不同浓度及离子溶液对膨润土防水毯防渗效果的影响。试验表明溶液浓度膨润土膨胀性能影响较大．当矿化度大于5g／L时膨胀量明显减小。离子及浓度对韩国1号（两层聚丙烯薄膜防护）防渗性能影响最小，除与膨润土成分及含量有关外，两层聚丙烯薄膜防护层结构对防渗性能也有较大的影响。     

9SJP-20型秸秆揉切挤压机的研制

为了解决秸秆中粗纤维难以消化吸收的问题,研制了9SJP-20型秸秆揉切挤压机,在分析其结构、工作原理和计算主要技术参数的基础上,完成了样机的设计工作。样机性能试验表明:该机工作性能稳定,揉切效果良好,并有一定的膨化作用,改善了秸秆的适口性,提高了反刍动物的消化率。     

红莲型CMS水稻线粒体K+ATP通道特性的初步研究

以水稻红莲型细胞质雄性不育(HL-CMS)不育系粤泰A(YTA)和保持系粤泰B(YTB)黄化苗线粒体为材料,研究了YTA和YTB离体线粒体KA TP通道对其诱导调节剂KCl、ATP、ADP和GTP等的响应特性。结果表明,KA TP通道诱导剂KCl,能明显诱导YTA和YTB线粒体膨胀,但YTA的膨胀程度较YTB的明显;KA TP通道的内源性抑制剂ATP对YTA和YTB线粒体膨胀起显著抑制作用;KA TP通道的内源性激动剂ADP和GTP引起的不育系YTA离体线粒体短暂收缩及之后的再膨胀程度均较YTB的明显;此外,比较YTA和YTB离体线粒体在Rh123一起孵育10 min后,KCl和解偶联剂FCCP处理引起的离体线粒体膜电位(Δψm)下降过程,发现前者的线粒体Δψm较后者的易于过早崩解。对水稻HL-CMS不育系YTA和可育的保持系YTB线粒体KA TP通道特性的比较研究表明,水稻HL-CMS不育系YTA线粒体KA TP通道对其诱导调节剂KCl、ATP、ADP和GTP等的响应较YTB的更敏感。     

黄土地区影响土壤膨胀因素的研究

通过测定黄土高原地区几种土壤的膨胀率,探讨了不同质地、有机质、容重、Ca2 、干湿交替强度和次数对土壤膨胀率的影响,揭示了这些因素对土壤结构的影响程度。结果表明:土壤粘粒含量与土壤膨胀率呈显著正相关;有机质含量在质地差别不明显情况下,对土壤膨胀率也有极显著的作用与影响;容重对土壤膨胀率的影响是随着容重的增加土壤膨胀率也增加,增幅可达1.70%~30.22%;Ca2 对土壤膨胀起着重要的抑制作用。干湿交替强度显著地影响着土壤膨胀性,在40℃情况下快速干燥土壤的膨胀率较在30℃时干燥的土壤膨胀率显著增幅可达30.28%~81.20%;干湿交替次数对土壤膨胀率的作用表现为随着干湿交替次数的增加而增大,尤其以第一次干湿交替的破坏最为严重。     

非洲鸵鸟的雌雄鉴别研究

对鸵鸟进行早期的性别鉴定，可以确保期望的鸵鸟雌雄性别比例，雏鸟雌雄分群饲养，加快鸵鸟驯养进程，提高育雏成活率都有着重要意义。本研究采用翻肛法，对人工饲养的1～3月龄育雏期非洲鸵鸟进行试验与研究。结果表明，在1月龄时就可根据有无生殖交媾器及其形态、大小的差别进行雌雄鉴别，打破了通常认为鸵鸟在4月龄时才可以进行性别鉴定的传统做法，为非洲鸵鸟的饲养管理提供了有利的依据。     

膨大素处理对葡萄果实性状的影响

以京亚和京秀两个葡萄品种为试材,以膨大素处理葡萄果实,结果表明:以花后15 d、浓度10 mg·kg-1的效果为最好.京亚和京秀两个品种座果率增加16.8%和10.3%;单果质量增加36.7%和28.7%;穗重增加47.9%和25.7%;果形指数减少0.036和0.048.果实中可溶性糖、有机酸和维生素C含量略有下降,增加果实的糖酸比.果实前期赤霉素含量增加,增加了果实的座果率;脱落酸含量的提高促进了代谢库细胞对同化物的吸收.     

提高刨花板尺寸稳定性的研究——刨花预处理和刨花板的后期热处理

以速生意大利杨为材料,对刨花进行预处理后制成脲醛胶刨花板,用未处理刨花制成酚醛胶刨花扳,并进行后期热处理,分别测试它们的尺寸稳定性,结果表明,两种方法都能较为有效地提高刨花板的尺寸稳定性,具可行性,通过合理选择适宜的预处理和后期处理的时间,可以使刨花板的性能达到预期要求。